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Micro minerals (Trace minerals) are required for normal growth and development in broilers. The present study was undertaken to compare the effect of replacing inorganic with organic trace minerals on growth performance, carcass characteristics and chemical composition of broiler thigh meat. A corn soybean based diet supplemented with organic trace minerals (OTM) (x) and an inorganic trace mineral (ITM) (y) was prepared. Four hundred eighty birds were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments with four replicates per treatment (20 birds/replicate pen). The treatments were A) Positive control group diet (x) supplemented for whole period (0-5 wk). B) Fed diet (x) during starter and grower phase (1-4 wk) and diet (y) was offered in finisher phase (5 wk). C) 1 st 3 weeks were fed diet (x) and last two weeks were given diet (y). D) First 2 weeks were fed diet (x) while, diet (Y) offered in the last three weeks. In the treatment (E), diet (x) offered during initial phase and nourished with diet (y) during grower and finisher phase while in treatment (F), complete diet (y). The result showed that organic trace mineral supplementation did not affect growth performance in the first and last week of trail but during 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th weeks organic trace mineral supplementation showed better growth performance than that of inorganic trace mineral supplementation. Chicken fed with organic trace mineral supplemented diets had the better growth performance which differed from that of inorganic supplemented diet groups. Additionally, organic trace minerals supplementation did not affect dressing percentage and giblets weight but shank and keel lengths were improved. While, OTM supplementation did not alter dry matter, ash and moisture content in thigh meat; however, crude protein content was improved in thigh meat. Overall results demonstrated that the quality of broiler chicken meat in high organic trace mineral supplement increased relative to the low supplemented groups. It is concluded that addition of organic trace mineral to feed can improve the growth performance of broiler particularly during growing phase.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tryptophan injection on semen quality of Shami buck. Animals were divided randomly into four equal groups (3 for each group). Tryptophan was injected in the muscle and semen collected twice weekly by Artificial vagina. The first group (T1) left without treated as control group, the second group (T2) was injection Tryptophan 0.1 g, the third group (T3) was injection Tryptophan 0.125 g and the fourth group (T4) was injection Tryptophan 0.150 g. Semen was collected from twelve Shami buck, 2 ejaculates each, by an Artificial vagina. Semen were evaluated after collected for Volume (ml), Mass and Individual motility (%), sperm concentrations ×109, Live and dead sperm (%) and Sperm abnormality (%). Blood samples were collected via vacationer tubes (5 ml) from jugular vein to analyzed of testosterone hormone. Results showed that tryptophan injection of semen ejaculation was significantly (P<0.05) in T4 and T3. The percentage of Mass activity, Individual motility, live sperm and sperm concentration were significantly increased in the T4, T3 and T2 significantly (P<0.05). The percentage of dead sperm and sperm abnormality were significantly increased (P<0.05) in treatments T1 and T2. The testosterone concentration was significantly higher in the T4 (P<0.05). In conclusion, 0.150 g improved tryptophan injection and testosterone level in Shami buck.

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen through bacteria living in its root nodules. To study the influence of phosphorus (P) fertilization and Rhizobium inoculation on the nodulation, growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata), a pot experiment was conducted in wire house, during spring season of 2010 at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. A composite soil sample was collected from the research area and analysis of physical and chemical properties of the soil was done. Seeds of mungbean cv, NM-92 were inoculated with Rhizobium and sown in pots containing 14 kg soil. Phosphorus was applied at 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 g per 14 kg soil in each pot alone and along with inoculation of Rhizobium phaseoli except in control pot. The source of P was single super phosphate that was mixed with soil before filling the pots. It was noted that combined use of P and inoculant enhanced the number of nodules per plant. The maximum nodules, 8.67 per plant, were recorded where 3.6 g P along with Rhizobium inoculation was applied. Phosphorus application along with Rhizobium inoculation increased the plant height significantly (13.2%) over control. Maximum increase in plant height at maturity, total number of pods and number of grains per pod were also recorded where 3.6 g of phosphorus along with Rhizobium inoculation was applied.