There has been a considerable interest in the development of novel compounds with anti-inflammatory and /or antimicrobial activities. Several economical and social merits have been prospected for compounds with dual effects. Pyrazoles are an important class of compounds for new drug development that attracted much attention. Several pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized as target structures and evaluated for their biological activities. This review describes the synthesis and the development of new pyrazoles that possess anti-inflammatory and /or antimicrobial activities. The cytotoxicity of the reported compounds indicate good safety associated with many of the pyrazole derivatives, however, the need for standardized method for cytotoxicity evaluation is required for better understanding of the compounds safety and the safety-structure relationships.

No abstract

The present cross sectional study was conducted to assess hygienic practices and determination of bacterial load of milk when directly milked from the udder and from the collecting bucket at the farm level in selected smallholder of Mersa town; from November 2016 to May 2017. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed and 60 milk samples were collected for laboratory analysis to assess bacterial load. Aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts (AMBC) and coliform counts (CC) were conducted on milk samples. Results showed that, majority of small-dairy holders were males, managing their cattle in unclean environments and practicing extensive grazing system on communal grazing area. The mean aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts of raw milk samples analyzed were 5.81 log 10 cfu/ml (udder), 8.01 log 10 cfu/ml (bucket) The mean coliform counts were 3.7 log 10 cfu/ml (udder), 5.15 log 10 cfu/ml (bucket) and the increment of both counts at the milk bucket was observed statistically significant (P=0.000) and there was no significant variation between kebeles (P=0.921) for aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts and (P=0.715) for coliform count. According to international standards of raw milk quality, both of the above counts found to have values above the upper limits. Milk produced by the selected small-holder dairy cow owners in Mersa town were of poor quality and can be a potential source of milk-borne infections.

Review: 85 refs.