No abstract

An alkaliphilic and highly thermostable α-amylase producing Bacillus sp. was isolated from Van soda lake. Enzyme synthesis occurred at temperatures between 25ºC and 40ºC. Analysis of the enzyme by SDS-PAGE revealed a single band which was estimated to be 66 kDa. The enzyme was active in a broad temperature range, between 20ºC and 90ºC, with an optimum at 50ºC; and maximum activity was at pH 10.5. The enzyme was almost completely stable up to 80ºC with a remaining activity over 90% after 30 min pre-incubation. Thermostability was not increased in the presence of Ca2+ . An average of 75% and 60ºC of remaining activity was observed when the enzyme was incubated between pH 5 and 9 for 1 h and for 2 h, respectively. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by SDS and EDTA by 38% and 34%, respectively.

Bacillus sp. ASX42 isolated from soil samples of Lake Van shores, Turkey, and the strain producing cellulose-free xylanase enzyme with an optimum pH 9.0, at 60ºC. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 66 kDa on SDS PAGE analysis. Thermal stability of enzyme was detected average 68.7% at 4-60ºC and 60% at 65-95ºC while pH stability was observed about 90% between pH 3.5-13.0 for 15 min. As HgCl2 presented a strong inhibitor activity, Cobalt (132%) and Manganese (130%) showed a stimulatory effect on xylanase activity. The remaining activity was found to be 77%, 89%, and 92% in the presence of EDTA, 1,10-Phenanthroline monohydrate and β- mercaptoethanol, respectively. In this study, some known purification materials were compared for effectiveness. According to the results, cellulase-free xylanase ASX42 has shown a stimulatory effect on germination of Anagyris foedita and Ceratonia siliqua seeds. It has also produced a whitening effect on wastepaper pulp.

Arum maculatum is a highly known plant worldwide for traditional use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bioactivity of the plant extract obtained using different techniques and solutions. Total fenolic, flavonoid components and antioxidant, antimicrobial and enzyme inhibition activity of the plant extracts (Boiling in water, fermenting in water and USB in methanol) were investigated. Additionally, oil components of the extracts was analysed in GC-MS. As a result of the GC-MS analysis, 18 different fatty acid were determined. Major fatty acid components of extracts were palmitic acid (19.57%), oleic acid (15.25%), linoleic acid (21.84%) and alpha-linolenic acid (15.95%). The plant extracts were also found to be consisting of omega 3-6-9 fatty acid. The results showed that methanolic extracts in USB is produced better and more effective findings than the other extracts. According to the antimicrobial activity experiments, E. coli and S. aureus were the only strains inhibited by the all extracts obtained three different methods. The highest inhibition was recorded against Bacillus subtilis with USB methanol extracts. The only antifungal activity was observed against C. albicans with extracts obtained by boiling in water. Enzyme inhibition activity was very limited with all extracts. Amylase activity was slightly inhibited (14.1%) up to 30 min.

Rumen fungi inhabit the gastro-intestinal tract of ruminants and the most non