<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease known to occur in adolescent age group. There are many myths and misconceptions in patients as well as health physicians regarding the causes and treatment of acne. Objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards acne vulgaris among acne patients attending skin outpatient department in a private medical college.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a cross sectional, questionnaire based study conducted between January - April 2016. 100 patients having acne lesions were included in the study.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Majority of the study subjects belonged to the age group 15-24. The study showed that 72% had good knowledge. More than half of the study subjects had wrong belief that eating oily foods, chocolates, spicy food caused acne but more than 40% of the study subjects had good knowledge about the causes and aggravating factors like it worsens by squeezing/picking/rubbing (83%), commonly found in oily skin (67%), has seasonal occurrence (54%), associated with premenstrual flare (42%), aggravated with use of cosmetics (41%). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The acne patients had poor practice and unfavorable attitude in spite of good knowledge. Many myths exist among patients. Despite being so common and very well responsive to treatment, it is a major cause of depression among patients.</span></p>
Background: Obesity in children is often expressed by indicators like Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Waist-to-Hip ratio etc. Each of these has its own merits and demerits. Among these, BMI is commonly used to assess overweight/obesity but the central obesity is more important than the body mass as it has shown strong association with risk for coronary heart disease, adverse lipid profile and hyper insulinaemia in children. The objectives were to assess the validity of waist-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, conicity index as indicators of central obesity in children as measured by waist circumference.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on 4663 students who were enrolled in 8th to 10th standard of government and private schools of Mandya city. Weight, height, waist and hip circumference are measured following WHO guidelines. The data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, proportion, cut off, sensitivity, and specificity. ROC curves were drawn to assess the validity of the anthropometric measurements.Results: Using the WC percentiles given by Kuriyan R, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was found to be 7.59% with 8.85% in girls and 6.03% in boys. Waist-to-Height ratio performed significantly better than waist-to-hip ratio and conicity index in identifying central obesity in both girls and boys as indicated by the AUCs.Conclusions: The age and sex specific cut off points for waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio and conicity index can be used to detect overweight/obesity in Indian Children aged 11-16 years.
INTRODUCTIONThe empirical work on fertility determinants widely discusses the role of socio-economic factors like female labour force participation rate, urban population and per capita gross national income in determining fertility rates. The India's high fertility rate began to decline gradually after late 1950s and continued to fall since then. India achieved almost 31% decline in fertility rate from 1990 to 2012. However historically it has been found that Government of India launched a family planning programme aimed at reducing population growth in 1951. 1The relationship between fertility rate and socioeconomic factors has undergone extensive investigation by using empirical analysis. The central issue is whether socio-economic factors stimulate the rate of fertility or the fertility rate itself is a stimulus for socio-economic factors. Bearing a child and taking care of infant's needs are considered to consume women's time intensively. Increase in employment opportunity for female enhances the value of women's time in market and so the opportunity cost for having children increases as women's have to forgo their income for bearing and caring of children.2 Thus increase in availability of employment opportunities for women causes the loss of ABSTRACT Background: The empirical work on fertility determinants widely discusses the role of socio-economic factors like female labour force participation rate, urban population and per capita gross national income in determining fertility rates. The India's high fertility rate began to decline gradually after late 1950s and continued to fall since then. India achieved almost 31 per cent decline in fertility rate from 1990 to 2012. The objective was to examine the relationship between fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income for India. Methods: This study covers the sample period from 1990-2012. Moreover, the direction of causality between fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income in India using Granger Causality test within the Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM) are examined. Results: As a summary of the empirical results, we found that fertility rate, urbanization, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income in India are co-integrated and there is unidirectional Granger Causality between the four variables in long and short-run. Conclusions: The growth in urban population, female labour force participation rate and per capita gross national income are responsible for the decrease in fertility rate in India.
BACKGROUND Since December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a life-threatening ongoing pandemic worldwide. A retrospective study by Chow et al showed aspirin use was associated with decreased intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Recently, the RECOVERY TRIAL showed no associated reductions in the 28-d mortality or the progression to mechanical ventilation of such patients. With these conflicting findings, our study was aimed at evaluating the impact of daily aspirin intake on the outcome of COVID-19 patients. AIM To study was aimed at evaluating the impact of daily aspirin intake on the outcome of COVID-19 patients. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 125 COVID-19 positive patients. Subgroup analysis to evaluate the association of demographics and comorbidities was undertaken. The impact of chronic aspirin use was assessed on the survival outcomes, need for mechanical ventilation, and progression to ICU. Variables were evaluated using the chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 125 patients were studied, 30.40% were on daily aspirin, and 69.60% were not. Cross-tabulation of the clinical parameters showed that hypertension ( P = 0.004), hyperlipidemia (0.016), and diabetes mellitus ( P = 0.022) were significantly associated with aspirin intake. Regression analysis for progression to the ICU, need for mechanical ventilation and survival outcomes against daily aspirin intake showed no statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that daily aspirin intake has no protective impact on COVID-19 illness-associated survival outcomes, mechanical ventilation, or progression to ICU level of care.
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