ABSTRAKIkan hias koi merupakan salah satu produk perikanan yang budidayanya telah dikuasai oleh petani ikan di beberapa daerah. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas warna benih ikan hias koi melalui pengayaan tepung kepala udang dalam pakan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan dosis tepung kepala udang dalam formulasi pakan sebagai sumber karotenoid yaitu: 0% (kontrol), 5%, 10%, 15%. Pakan yang diberikan diformulasikan dengan isoprotein (30%), dan isolipid (15%). Ikan yang digunakan adalah benih dan ditempatkan dalam hapa-hapa di kolam. Pengamatan yang dilakukan selama pemeliharaan adalah parameter kualitas warna yang dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan TCF (Toca Color Finder), sedangkan pengukuran kuantitatifnya dilakukan dengan pengukuran total karotenoid pakan dan jaringan tubuh ikan. Selain itu, dilakukan pula pengamatan parameter pertumbuhan panjang, dan bobot yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kualitas warna pada ikan koi optimal pada pemberian tepung kepala udang sebesar 10% dicirikan dari nilai warna kuning dan merah. Selama penelitian juga diketahui bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan bobot dan panjang mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik bobot dan panjang tubuh, dan sintasan pada semua perlakuan. KATA KUNCI: kualitas, benih, pakan, koi (Cyprinus carpio) ABSTRACT:The quality improvement on red and yellow colour performances to juveniles of koi carp through feed improvement.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketinggian air yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup larva ikan botia (Chromobotia macracanthus, Bleeker). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sintasan atau kelangsungan hidup tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan B dengan ketinggian air 10 cm yaitu sebesar 98.88%, sedangkan kelangsungan hidup terendah terdapat pada perlakuan A dengan ketinggian air 5 cm yaitu sebesar 97.99%. Pertambahan bobot nilai tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan A dengan ketinggian air 5 cm dengan nilai bobot rata–rata 0.02252 gr dan pertambahan bobot rata–rata terendah terjadi pada perlakuan C dengan ketinggian air 15 cm yaitu sebesar 0.01132 gr. Pertambahan panjang rata–rata tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan A yaitu sebesar 0.42 cm dan yang terendah terjadi pada perlakuan B yaitu sebesar 0.29 cm. Parameter kualitas air selama penelitian masih dalam kisaran optimal dimana suhu 24,3–28,9oC, pH 6,5–7,0, DO 6,84–7,69 ppm, NH3 0,00–0,03 ppm, NO2 0,00–0,07 ppm. Analisis statistik dengan uji F diperoleh bahwa ketinggian air yang berbeda dalam pemeliharaan larva ikan botia (C. macracanthus, Bleeker) berbeda sangat nyata (P>0.01) terhadap pertambahan bobot dengan nilai Fhitung (21.00) > Ftabel (10.92), dan berbeda sangat nyata terhadap pertambahan panjang dengan nilai Fhitung (23.56) > Ftabel (10.92), sedangkan untuk sintasan atau kelangsungan hidup tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan. Hasil uji BNT menunjukkan, setiap perlakuan memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup.The study aims to determine the effect of different water levels on the growth and survival of fish larvae Botia (Chromobotia macracanthus, Bleeker). The results showed that the survival rate was highest in treatment B with the water level was 10 cm which was equal to 98.88 %, whereas the lowest survival rate was found in treatment A with the water level was 5 cm which was equal to 97.99 %. The highest value of weight gain occurred in treatment A with average value in weight was 0.02252 g and the average weight gain was lowest in the treatment of C that reached 0.01132 g. The highest growth of length was occured in treatment A that was equal to 0.42 cm and the lowest occurred in treatment B that was 0.29 cm. Water quality parameters during the study were in the tolerance range where the optimum temperature were 24,3-28,9 oC , pH 6.5 to 7.0, DO 6.84 to 7.69 ppm, NH3 0.00 to 0.03 ppm , NO2 0.00 to 0.07 ppm . Statistical analysis by F test showed that the different water levels in the larval rearing of fish Botia (C. macracanthus, Bleeker) was significantly different ( P > 0.01) in the weight gain with the value of Fcount ( 21.00 ) > Ftable ( 10.92 ), and it was significantly different against the length with the value of F count ( 23:56 ) > F table ( 10.92), while for the survival rate showed has not significantly different between treatments. The LSD test showed that all the treatment were effected the growth rate, but not for survival rate.
Ikan botia (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker) merupakan ikan hias asli perairan Indonesia yang tepatnya berasal dari Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Ikan ini menjadi primadona dalam komoditas ikan hias karena keunikannya mulai dari bentuk tubuh, warna sampai bentuk mulutnya. Ikan botia merajai pasar ekspor dunia khususnya negara-negara Eropa. Namun hal tersebut tidak sebanding dengan ketersediaan ikan endemik ini. Saat ini, ikan botia yang diekspor masih mengandalkan tangkapan di alam. Balai Riset Budidaya Ikan Hias (BRBIH) Depok, Jawa Barat merupakan yang pertama dan satu-satunya balai yang dapat memijahkan ikan hias botia secara buatan dengan bantuan injeksi hormon HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadothropin) dan LHRH-a berupa ovaprim dan telah diproduksi secara massal. Pemijahan ikan botia dilakukan secara buatan dengan stimulasi hormon sebelum ikan distriping. Hal ini berfungsi untuk mengoptimalkan pemijahan mulai dari kualitas telur, sperma sampai perkembangan embrio sehingga meningkatkan produksi benih. Hasil yang didapat adalah rata-rata fekunditas di atas 5.000 telur, derajat pembuahan di atas 80%, derajat penetasan telur di atas 60% serta derajat kelulushidupan larva yang lebih dari 50%.
-In comparison to older life stages, the embryonic stages of fishes generally have narrow tolerance ranges for environmental conditions, as regards water quality, temperature and mechanical shocks. The knowledge of these factors is indispensable to appraise the threats brought about by climate or anthropogenic changes upon their resilience, and to define adequate ways of incubating their eggs for an efficient propagation of the species under controlled conditions. Clown loach eggs have a narrow thermal tolerance range in comparison to other tropical and temperate fishes. Hatching occurs at 22−30• C, and non-deformed larvae can only be obtained at 23.8−30.2 • C. Furthermore, the thermal tolerance of any particular progeny was found dependent on the maintenance temperature of the female parent, thereby making the actual tolerance no broader than 4.5• C. The (log-log) relationship between the duration of the incubation period and temperature was characterized by a shallow slope, which is more typical of coldwater fishes, as is a narrow thermal tolerance range. On the other hand, clown loach hatched more rapidly (20 h at 26• C) than predicted by existing models on the basis of water temperature and egg diameter, a feature that is shared by other warmwater fishes producing eggs that undergo a strong swelling process (about three times the ova diameter in clown loach). Clown loach embryos are strongly sensitive to mechanical shocks, but their development is not viable either in protracted steady state conditions, in absence of water movement, as they develop various deformities (e.g. pericardial oedema). This is thought to originate from a hypoxic microenvironment around the embryo, as a consequence of an oxygen gradient developing inside and outside the egg, since the boundary diffusion layer is not refreshed by water movement. This issue is worsened by strong egg swelling and incubation at warm temperature.
ABSTRAKPertumbuhan ikan botia tergolong lambat, memerlukan waktu sekitar enam bulan untuk mencapai ukuran komersial (panjang total 4-5 cm). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respons pertumbuhan benih ikan botia yang diberi hormon pertumbuhan ikan kerapu (rElGH) melalui tiga metode yaitu: perendaman, oral, dan kombinasi perendaman dan oral. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Dosis rElGH melalui perendaman yaitu 1,2 mg/L diberikan pada larva umur tujuh hari, sedangkan dosis secara oral yaitu 30 mg/kg pakan dan diberikan pada benih umur tiga bulan. Ikan dipelihara dalam akuarium sistem resirkulasi (80 cm x 40 cm x 25 cm) dengan kepadatan 5 ekor/L selama pemeliharaan tiga bulan pertama dan 1 ekor/L selama pemeliharaan periode tiga bulan kedua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kombinasi perendaman dan oral memberikan pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi sebesar 12,04% dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan ini juga meningkatkan level ekspresi insulin-like growth factor-1/ IGF-1 sebesar 29,37% dibandingkan kontrol. KATA KUNCI: recombinant growth hormone; metode pemberian hormon; Chromobotia macracanthus ABSTRACT: The effects of using recombinant growth hormone on the growth of Clown Loach (Chromobotia macracanthus) juveniles with different methods of administration. By: Asep Permana, Alimuddin, Wartono Hadie, Agus Priyadi, and Rendy GinanjarThe growth of Clown Loach is slow. It takes about six months to reach the market size (4-5 cm total body length). This study aimed to evaluate the growth response of Clown Loach treated with recombinant giant grouper growth hormone (rElGH) delivered by three different methods: immersion, oral, and the combination of immersion and oral. A completely randomized design was used as the experimental design and each treatment was replicated three times. The immersion method used rElGH dose of 1.2 mg/L on seven-day-old larvae, while oral treatment used 30 mg rElGH/kg feed on the three-month-old juvenile. The fish were reared in a closed recirculation tank (80 cm x 40 cm x 25 cm) at a density of 5 fish/L for the first three months, and 1 fish/L for the second three months of rearing period. The result showed that the combination of immersion and oral treatments produced a higher growth rate of 12.04% compared to control treatment. Those treatments also increased insulin-like growth factor-1/IGF-1 expression level about 29.37% compared to the control.
Ikan agamysis (Agamyxis albomaculatus) merupakan ikan hias air tawar introduksi yang memiliki potensi cukup bagus untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia, namun masih bermasalah dalam budidayanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas kombinasi hormon berbeda dalam menginduksi ovulasi dan pemijahan ikan agamysis. Jumlah ikan yang digunakan sebanyak 30 ekor (15 jantan dan 15 betina) dengan ukuran panjang 10-15 cm dan bobot 50-200 g. Ikan uji dipelihara dalam akuarium sistem resirkulasi dan diberi pakan cacing tanah dua kali sehari secara ad libitum. Perlakuan yang diberikan berupa penggunaan beberapa jenis hormon yaitu: (A) LHRHa dan antidopamin (ovaprim) dosis 0,7 mL/kg; (B) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) dosis 500 IU/kg; (C) aromatase inhibitor (AI) dosis 10 mg/kg; (D) kombinasi AI dosis 10 mg/kg + ovaprim dosis 0,7 mL/kg; serta (E) kombinasi hCG dosis 500 IU/kg + ovaprim dosis 0,7 mg/kg. Hormon diberikan melalui penyuntikan secara intramuskuler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kombinasi hormon hCG dosis 500 IU/kg + ovaprim dosis 0,7 mL/kg; memberikan respons pemijahan terbaik dengan waktu laten 7-12 jam; bobot telur ovulasi 7,3–9,4 g; derajat pembuahan 5,71%-34,7%; dan derajat penetasan 32,5%-50,44%. Penggunaan kombinasi hormon hCG dan ovaprim efektif menstimulasi proses ovulasi telur sehingga dapat menjadi acuan untuk peningkatan produksi larva ikan agamysis dalam pemijahan buatan.Agamysis (Agamyxis albomaculatus) is an introduced freshwater fish that has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Yet, the fish has not been successfully cultivated. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of different hormone combinations to induce ovulation and spawning of agamysis. This research used 30 fishes (15 male and 15 female) ranged 10-15 cm in length and 50-200 g in body weight. The fish were stocked in aquaria equipped with recirculation system and fed with earthworm by ad libitum twice a day. The treatments were: (A) LHRHa and antidopamin (ovaprim) dose of 0.7 mL/ kg, (B) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) dose of 500 IU/kg, (C) aromatase inhibitor (AI) dose of 10 mg/kg, (D) a combination of AI dose of 10 mg/kg + ovaprim dose of 0.7 mL/kg, and (E) a combination of hCG dose of 500 IU/kg + ovaprim dose of 0.7 mg/kg. The hormones were given through intramuscularly injection. The results showed that the combination of ovaprim dose of 0.7 mL/kg and hCG dose of 500 IU/kg produced the best spawning response, with the latent period of 7-12 hours, weight of ovulated eggs of 7.3-9.4 g, fertilization rate of 5.71% to 34.7% and hatching rate between 32.5% - 50.44%. In conclusion, the combination of hCG and ovaprim was found to be more effective to stimulate egg ovulation of agamysis and could be used in improving larvae production.
The main problem in the culture of clown loach (Chromobotia macracanthus) is the slow growth rate, which takes about six months to reach its market size (two inches total body length). Slow growth eventually cause a long production time and increase the production costs. An alternative solution can be proposed in order to enhance the growth is by using recombinant growth hormone. The aim of this study was to determine the immersion dose of recombinant Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone (rElGH) which can generate the highest growth in clown loach. Larvae at seven day after hatching were hyperosmotic treated with NaCl 2.0% for one minute, then immersed for one hour in water containing 0.3% NaCl, 0.01% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and different doses of rElGH, namely: 0.12 (treatment A), 1.2 (B), 12 (C), and 120 mg/L (D). As control, fish were immersed in water without rElGH and NaCl (control-1), water containing 0.3% NaCl and 0.01% BSA (control-2), and 0.3% NaCl water (control-3). Each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that clown loach juveniles in treatment B, C, and D had longer total body length (P<0.05) than control-1, while fish treatment A was the same as controls. Survival and body weight were similar in all treatments and controls (P>0.05). In addition, the percentage of large size juveniles increased approximately 5% in treatment B, almost the same as in the medium size, while the small size were decrease compared to the control-1. Thus, the best immersion dose of rElGH was 1.2 mg/L water.
-The knowledge of how fish survive and grow at different temperatures, and how these traits vary between life stages, is essential to evaluate the effects of climate change on wild fish and implement effective strategies in aquaculture. These issues are addressed in this study through a series of experiments that evaluate the effect of temperature (23−34• C) on the embryos and larvae of clown loach, Chromobotia macracanthus. This species is endemic to the rivers of Sumatra and Borneo, highly praised on the ornamental fish market, and has been reproduced in captivity recently. No embryo survived a 24-h exposure to 34• C until the age of 3 days after hatching (dah); mortality was high at 32• C at 2 and 3 dah, whereas it was low and similar from 1 to 4 dah at 23−29• C (<10%). Yolk absorption was proportional to water temperature (Q 10 • C of 1.69 in the 23−32• C range), but fish reared at cold temperatures were larger than others at the start of exogenous feeding (5.7 vs. 5.5 mm TL, at 23 and 32• C, respectively). The survival of larvae fed Artemia nauplii ad libitum was high at 23−32• C (80−100%), but almost null at 34 • C. Growth models at different temperatures were produced from weekly measurements in two experiments, and tested by comparing their predictions with the results of a third experiment. Throughout the larval stage, the optimal temperature for growth (T • opt are encouraging perspectives for the aquaculture of clown loach. From an ecological perspective, the species has an atypical thermal biology, as it is less thermophilic than other tropical fishes, but more stenothermal than temperate fishes exhibiting similar values of T • opt , both traits being of particular concern in the context of global warming.
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