Wheat grain has been irradiated by 200 keV and 305 keV of pulsed electron beams for changing of sowing parameters. Total microbial number, germination and germination energy were compared for both of electron kinetic energy settings for the same ranges of the energy input. The electron beam of 305 keV showed better disinfecting effect for energy input values of less than 4 J/g. That mode eliminates seed germination ability after irradiation of more than 2 J/g and can be used for grain storing. The mode of 200 keV beam keeps seed germination ability up to 5 J/g with the similar disinfecting effect after the irradiation energy input of more than 4 J/g. This mode can be used for pre-sowing seed treatment procedure.
Knowledges of pulsed electron beam characteristics is necessary for use it for scientific and practice applications. Current work analyses the pulsed electron beam extracted from the vacuum diode through a titanium foil (60 mkm) of the diode exit window. Electron beam energy depth distribution was measured for a target made of different number of aluminum foils. A pulsed electron beam with a wide range of kinetic energies was generated by the ASTRA-M accelerator (260 kV of accelerating voltage, up to 1 kA of beam current, 150 ns of beam pulse duration at FWHM). A calorimeter of total absorption and Faraday cup were used to measure beam characteristics. Calorimeter included two collectors: first one measures a beam energy after aluminum foils, and the second one measures a total beam energy. All measurements were performed at 10−5 Torr background pressure after the exit window foil. As a result, the electron kinetic energy spectrum of the beam out of diode has been reconstructed.
Extraction of shale gas and oil has significantly benefited the US economy. However, the applied technology of hydraulic fracturing is inefficient and ecologically unsafe. Electrophysical underground pyrolytic conversion of oil shale kerogen in energy stock can solve these problems. This processing method is feasible due to treeing in rock volume. Treeing has been widely studied in insulation as a negative factor. With regard to oil shale this phenomenon is examined insufficiently despite the fact that in this application area it has its distinctive features and is crucial for the initiation of rock heating and its further conversion. This article describes the shale’s dendrite morphology which is non-typical of conventional treeing in insulation. Features of the discharge structures’ formation are associated with a change of oil shale conductivity by discharge and with a high degree of rock heterogeneity.
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