It is necessary to develop the effective psycho-educational concepts and materials to enhance the uptake behavior of appropriate specialized institutions of mental health care, such as psychiatric clinics or centers providing psychotherapy. In this research, we developed the core concepts and materials, which can be used for the Web sites, or pamphlets intended to enhance appropriate uptake behavior, by conducting internet-based research and a formative interview based on a social marketing approach. As a result of an analysis of 819 first-time users of mental health care services that met eligibility criteria, descriptive characteristics of the uptake behavior for mental health care were revealed and the differences in mental health care literacy between people with a shorter distribution of the untreated period (DUI) and a longer DUI were clarified. By formative research based on the social marketing framework , we developed core concepts and materials consisting of the characteristics of the people with a shorter DUI (WHO), the messages about preventing a longer DUI (WHAT), and effective methods for presentation and communication (HOW).
This study investigated the effect of emphasis on classroom social goals (compliance goals vs. prosocial goals) on psychological reactance and intention to share the goals. Elementary school children (N = 139) participated in a questionnaire-based experiment. In the experiment, two hypothetical scenarios were presented in which hypothetical teachers emphasized classroom social goals (i.e., compliance goals, representing the minimum level of compliance with rules, versus prosocial goals, representing the ideal level of compliance with rules), and the participants were asked to rate their psychological reactance and intention to share the goal related to each condition. A within-participant t test revealed that compliance goals were higher in psychological reactance. Twocondition within-participant mediation analysis also revealed that compliance goals indirectly undermined the children's intention to share the goals, mediated by psychological reactance.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of cases where decision-making is difficult and how the medical staff can deal with them in the medical field. Method: Seven oncology physicians were interviewed. The survey items include cases where decision-making is difficult, how to deal with them, and decision support. Category analysis was performed based on verbatim records. Results: First, the cases where decision-making is difficult were divided into two categories: patient factors and environmental factors. The former is further divided into two subcategories: "personal factors" include personality and, intellectual ability and "factors due to diseases and aging" that included flailing of body parts and dementia. Further, there were three categories of medical staff 's strategies: assessment, response skills, and environmental approach. Discussion: In providing information to patients, it is necessary to respond according to the patient's intellectual state environmental factors to promote understanding. Specifically, it is effective to use patient-specific explanations, target planning, and nudges.
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