Background: In the world, cardio-vascular disease accounts for the majority of mortality. It accounts for 50% of all reported deaths worldwide and is expected to increase significantly. Cardiovascular disease is also a major cause of death in Saudi Arabia. The objective of this paper was to assess population awareness on cardiovascular diseases risk factors and to determine the lifestyle modifications according to their knowledge among a random representative sample of Jeddah population, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that used self-administered questionnaires conducted in population (age of 18 years to 60 years) who lives in Jeddah city excluding the medical staff. Data was analyzed via the Statistical Package of Social Science Software (SPSS). Results: There were 825 respondents in this study, andwomen made up the majority (74.1%). Age and knowledge score were significantly correlated, with younger groups having better knowledge than other groups. Additionally, marital status was related to CVD knowledge, with singles outperforming other individuals. Saudis scored better on knowledge than non-Saudis. Finally, people who were not employed performed considerably worse than participants who were students. Conclusion:Our conclusion in this study, we found sub-optimal levels of knowledge about cardiovascular disease and warning signs of CVD occurrences in a population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Being Saudi, younger, unmarried, and a student all contributed to having moderate-to-good comprehension. Community education on CVDs, concentrating on those with low socioeconomic status, may be useful in the combined efforts to achieve CVD reductions.
The nutcracker phenomenon, or left renal vein (LRV) entrapment syndrome, occurs when there is compression of the LRV, mostly between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Patients with nutcracker syndrome (NCS) may present with various symptoms, with the most common being hematuria, left flank pain, varicocele in males, proteinuria, and anemia. Our 22-year-old male patient presented with abdominal pain without hematuria. Insidiously, we made the diagnosis of NCS with this unusual presentation. Some studies have proposed a relationship between rapid weight loss in a short period of time and the appearance of NCS. We recommend that healthcare providers suspect NCS in patients who present with abrupt severe abdominal discomfort, particularly in situations that coincide with rapid weight loss for an unknown reason.
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is skin hyperpigmentation that occurs due to any inflammatory condition. Triggering the melanocytes by inflammation leads to melanin overproduction and deposition. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic medication prescribed to treat bleeding. Recently, there are some studies about the use of TXA in the treatment of PIH. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the efficacy and the best mode of delivery for tranexamic acid in the treatment of PIH. Methods: This systematic review is reported in accordance with PRISMA guidance. We included all relevant English-language studies that were published up to September 2022 in the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 61 articles, 9 of which were included after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results:The systematic review included a total of 196 patients who were over the age of 16 years old. Tranexamic acid was delivered orally in 4 studies, topically in 2 studies, and both simultaneously in 1 study. In addition, intradermal injection was used in 2 other studies. Almost all studies advocated the use of all routes for accelerating the clearance of hyperpigmentation with more favor towards topical and intradermal routes due to their mild reported side effects when compared to oral routes. Conclusion: Intradermal TXA is considered the best route, which exhibits fewer side effects with less cost and excellent outcomes, while oral TXA is found to be less preferable than other routes due to the incidence of undesirable adverse events.
Background Stretch marks, also known as striae cutis distensae (SD), are visible linear scars that occur in regions of dermal damage due to skin stretching. Stretch marks are not serious health issues, but they may have a major psychological effect on patients. Due to poor skin color improvement or prolonged skin atrophy, there is no standard treatment for SD. Fillers have been studied for their effectiveness in the treatment of SD. Objective This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy of fillers on SD. Methods This systematic review is reported following PRISMA guidance. We included all relevant articles published up to November 2022 in the following electronic databases: Science Direct, Midline, the Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 119, of which seven were included after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results The systematic review included a total of 184 female participants who were over the age of 18 years old. Three studies used jet volumetric remodeling (JVR) to inject HA pneumatically. One study injected polycaprolactone filler. One study used calcium hydroxylapatite, micro-needling, and ascorbic acid. MFU-V and CaHA were given in one study. One study delivered MFU-V using micro-focused ultrasound. All studies showed that it reduces SD with only mild, temporary side effects. More favor was given to combining CaHA and MFU-V, which had the fewest side effects compared to other dermal fillers. Conclusion As monotherapy or combination therapy, injectable dermal fillers may treat SD with minimal adverse effects. We suggest that more RCTs look into injectable dermal filler to find out what is best for patients with SD and compare it to other treatment methods in terms of results, costs, and side effects to provide satisfactory practice and basic guideline interventions for these cases.
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