Sensor devices, in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), are usually equipped with low-capacity batteries and scattered on areas that cannot be reached in most of the cases to recharge or replace these sensors. The available battery energy in the sensor nodes is barely sufficient to transmit a limited quantity of data packets. In this regard, most of the works are designed aiming at achieving high energy efficiency. Due to multiple-hop data transmission and many to one traffic connection, the Imbalanced Energy Depletion (IED) is an immanent issue in WSNs. Accordingly, this paper suggests an energy efficient routing protocol called Fuzzy Dstar-lite to produce an optimal pathway data routing for Heterogeneous WSNs (HWSNs). This protocol can also reuse the product path to keep the energy consumption fairly distributed over the nodes of a network. Interestingly, the proposed protocol is demonstrated to be more efficient in decreasing the transmission delay and balancing power consumption when compared with other protocols, i.e. chessboard clustering (CC), PEGASIS, and LEACH. The comparison also showed the proposed protocol has been increased the network lifetime approximately 15%, 40%, and 50% compare with CC, PEGASIS, and LEACH, respectively.
The proposed new partial encryption schemes use a secure encryption algorithm to encrypt only part of the compressed data. After application of image compression algorithm the partial encryption will applied. For two pairs of different gray scale images with the size (256 ´ 256) pixels, only 0.0244%-25% of the original data is encrypted. As a result, we see a significant reduction of time in the stage of encryption and decryption.In the compression step, the Orthogonal Search Algorithm (OSA) for motion estimation (the different between stereo images) is used. The resulting disparity vector and the remaining image were compressed by Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Quantization and arithmetic encoding. The image compressed was encrypted by RSA algorithm. The decoded images then compared with the original images.Good results showed in the experimental results of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Compression Ratio (CR) and processing time. The proposed schemes of partial encryption are fast, secure and not be reducing in compression performance of the selected compression methods.
Our study is demonstrated a new type of evolutionary sound synthesis method. This work based on the fly algorithm, a cooperative co-evolution algorithm; it is derived from the Parisian evolution approach. The algorithm has relatively amended the position of individuals (the Flies) represented by 3-D points. The fly algorithm has successfully investigated in different applications, starting with a real-time stereo vision for robotics. Also, the algorithm shows promising results in tomography to reconstruct 3-D images. The final application of the fly algorithm was generating artistic images, such as digital mosaics. In all these applications, the flies' representation started for simple, 3-D points, to complex one, the structure of 9-elements. Our method follows evolutionary digital art with the fly algorithm in representing the pattern of the flies. They represented in a way of having their structure. This structure includes position, colour, rotation angle, and size. Our algorithm has the benefit of graphics processing units (GPUs) to generate the sound waveform using the modern OpenGL shading language.
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