Hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaf and stem bark of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) Benth. (Mimosaceae) were tested against clinical isolates Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae and Enterococcus faecalis, and corresponding collection strains E. coli CIP 105 182, Salmonella enterica CIP 105 150, Shigella dysenteriae CIP 54-51 and Enterococcus faecalis CIP 103 907. Discs of Gentamicin, a broad spectrum antibiotic were used as positive controls. The results showed that all the extracts possess antimicrobial activities. A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of the leaves and that of the bark showed that for all the tested microorganisms, the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark is more active than the aqueous extract of the leaf. The hydroethanolic extract of the leaves is as effective as the aqueous extract of the stem bark prescribed by the traditional healer, suggesting it is possible to use leaves other than the roots and bark. The phytochemical screening showed that sterols and triterpenes, saponosides, tannins, reducing compounds, coumarins, anthocyanosides, flavonosides are present in both bark and leaf but in different concentrations.
The present study was to estimate the in vitro anthelminthic effect of the aqueous extract of the trunk barks of Acacia nilotica var. adansonii, plant used in this traditional medicine against gastro-intestinal parasites. Trunk barks of Acacia nilotica var. adansonii were used as plant material, eggs and adults worms of Haemonchus contortus were the animal material used. The adult worms and the eggs were put in contact with increasing concentrations of the extract. A phytochemical screening of the plant material was also performed. This study revealed the presence of chemical groups with anthelminthic properties such as tannins, triterpenics, saponosides in the aqueous extract. The vermicide effect was indicated by the lethal concentration of 50% (LC50) of adult worms equal to 1.28 mg / mL compared to the levamisole LC50 which was 3.25 mg / mL. The rate of eggs hatching inhibition was 93.84 % at the extract concentration of 0.1 mg / mL. Anthelminthic properties of Acacia nilotica var. adansonii would be real, which justifies its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites
Cellulites of dental origin are extensive polymicrobial infections of the face and neck cell-adipose tissues. Management of infections of this nature presents significant challenges. The key to this is the identification of the causative organisms and determination of their susceptibility to antibiotics. Enterococcus and Aerococcus are pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Despite their low virulence, these microorganisms are responsible for many human infections. A major problem with these bacteria is their frequent multidrug resistance. The lack of data on these bacterial strains involved in the cellulite in Burkina Faso thus justifies the choice of Enterococcus and Aerococcus. This study was therefore undertaken to determine bacterial etiologies and antibiotic resistance profiles associated with cellulites cases in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total of 62 samples from patients were analyzed. The isolates were obtained using conventional microbiology procedures. Strains were identified by using API 20 Strep (bioMérieux, France). Antibiotic susceptibility and detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were performed according to the European Committee of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The patients were 41.9% males and 58.1% females. Aerococcus was isolated from 30 patients and Enterococcus from 7. Aerococcus strains were resistant to metronidazole (100%), cefixim (93.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (86.7 %), oxacillin (83.3%), penicillin G (83.3%), cefotaxime (80%), chloramphenicol (80%), cefuroxime (76.7%) and to ceftriaxone (76.7%). Enterococcus strains were resistant to metronidazole (100%), cefixim (100%), cefotaxim (100%), ceftriaxone (100%), cefuroxime (100%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), penicillin G (100%), oxacillin (100%) and to amoxicillin (100%). Only one Aerococcus viridans strain was positive for ESBL production (2.7%). The emergence of resistance among the bacterial strains that have been implicated in odontogenic infections is a public health issue in Burkina Faso that warrants a significant degree of concern.
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