using the WaveLight excimer laser platform for PRK, CDVA and contrast sensitivity outcomes were statistically similar between the wavefront-optimized and topography-guided ablations in eyes with low to moderate myopia with and without astigmatism.

Purpose To assess the results of anterior lamellar recession, blepharoplasty, and supratarsal fixation procedure in patients with upper eyelid cicatricial entropion without lagophthalmos. Methods In a prospective interventional case series, 52 eyelids (32 patients) were included (April 2009-December 2010. Excluded were patients with previous eyelid surgeries, lagophthalmos, and o12 months of follow-up. Using a microscope, after recessing anterior lamella 3-4 mm above the eyelid margin, it was fixed with 4-5 interrupted 6-0 vicryl sutures. Excess anterior lamella was then excised (blepharoplasty), supratarsal fixation sutures (6-0 vicryl) were put and the skin was closed with 6-0 nylon sutures. Success and failure defined based upon eyelash-globe touch on the last followup visit (at least 12 months), respectively. Results There were 21 females (65.6%) and 11 males (34.4%) with a mean age of 69.7 years (SD = 6.9) and mean follow-up of 21.06 months (SD = 8.26). Success was observed in 39 (75%) and failure in 13 (25%). Mean time of failure was 4.5 months (SD = 3). Although re-treatment with radio-frequency electrolysis (eight eyelids) and re-anterior lamellar recession (two eyelids) resulted in success in 12 eyelids with failure, two patients (three eyelids) declined further procedure. Except for thickened eyelid margin, no complications were observed. Conclusion Anterior lamellar recession, blepharoplasty, and supratarsal fixation procedure is an effective and safe technique for the treatment of the upper eyelid cicatricial entropion without lagophthalmos.

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anterior segment measurements according to refractive status in a sample of the Iranian population.Setting:Rassoul Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Material and Methods:In this study, refractive surgery candidates were assigned according to the refractive error to one of three groups : emmetropia, myopia, and hyperopia. Myopic eyes were further divided to four subgroups : simple myopic group, simple myopic astigmatism group, high myopic group, and high myopia with astigmatism group. Anterior segment measurements with the Pentacam Scheimpflug system were performed in the right eye of all subjects.Results:The study sample was comprised of 283 subjects with a mean age of 29.1 ± 7.5 (standard deviation) years. Mean keratometry reading, Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and volume measurements were significantly higher in the myopic group and mean keratometry reading and anterior chamber angle measurements were significantly lower in the hyperopic group (P < 0.05, all comparisons). Maximum anterior elevation (AEmax) and maximum posterior elevation (PEmax), Q value, progression index, minimum corneal thickness, and corneal volume measurements were similar for all groups (P > 0.05, all comparisons). In the myopic subgroups, AEmax and PEmax and maximum keratometry (Kmax) were significantly higher, and ACD was lower in the astigmatic groups (P < 0.05, all comparisons). The Q value was less negative in low myopia (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Myopic eyes had steeper corneas than hyperopic eyes and anterior chamber measurements were significantly higher in the myopic eyes. In myopic eyes, AEmax and PEmax and Kmax measurements were higher, and ACD measurements were lower in the astigmatic groups.

A rapid, effortless increase in altitude (over a moderate range in altitude) decreases IOP in healthy individuals. The observed decrease may not be clinically significant; however, it shows the versatility of IOP control mechanisms in response to alteration in altitude and temperature.

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Pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is an issue of debate regarding its surgical outcomes and prognosis because of diagnosis delay, more complex etiological factors, and a higher prevalence of postoperative complications. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the anatomical and visual outcomes of pediatric RRD and the factors that influence the treatment results. This is the first meta-analysis on this subject. We searched the relevant publications in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were included in the analysis. Anatomical success after one surgery and the final rates of success were estimated. Subgroup analysis was performed to find the rate of success in patients with different prognostic factors. This meta-analysis showed that the total rate of success after one surgery was about 64%, which implies that performing the first surgery was enough to get anatomical reattachment in most of the patients. The final anatomical rate of success was about 84%. In terms of visual acuity, the pooled results revealed statistically significant ( P < 0.001) improvement in postoperative vision, with a 0.42 reduction in log of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). The final rate of success was significantly lower in eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (about 25% lower in eyes with PVR, P < 0.001) and in the presence of congenital anomalies (about 36% lower in congenital cases, P = 0.008). Myopic RRD had a significantly better anatomical success rate. In conclusion, this study shows that there is a high chance of anatomical success after pediatric RRD treatment. The presence of PVR and congenital anomalies was associated with a poorer prognosis.

Purpose: To report a case of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis that was complicated by macular infarction following intravitreal clindamycin injection. Methods: A 32-year-old otherwise healthy woman with the diagnosis of reactivation of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis in her right eye, underwent intravitreal clindamycin injection. Shortly after injection, the visual acuity deteriorated, and the fundus examination revealed an extensive area of macular necrosis accompanied by vascular occlusion. Results: The patient was observed. Unfortunately, the condition did not improve over time and resulted in a large area of retinal atrophy. Conclusion: Macular infarction should be considered a rare but disastrous complication that can result in severe, irreversible visual loss.

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