<p>In the flow of time, planning theory start to grow from only physical planning into a social one. According to John Friedman, planning divided into two kind of theory, they are top down and bottom up. Grounded on that conditions, masters of planning start to develop new and practical method to improve social, economic, and culture condition in terms of leading the bulding of civic society. This was the beginning of the community development. This reseacrh is trying to do a full observation in government program of community development called PLP-BK or people used to call noto deso that held in Kutoharjo District Kendal Regency. The objection of this research is to prove that the community sentiment is related and have a big influence to the rate of participation in implementation of noto deso itself. To identificate that matter this research is using a quantitative descriptive method and with self administered quisionare data gathering method. With the usage of that kind of research method, research variable can be identificate succesfully in order to processed in bivariate correlation analysis to prove the influence of community sentiment and the rate of participation. The outcome show us a fact that grounded on the correlation process the hypothesis of this research is proven that the community sentimet is really have a great influence to the rate of people participation in the implementation of noto deso program that held in Kutoharjo District. With the knowledge of that community sentiment influences the rate of participation, congruity progress in planning can be indentificate and the engineer the building of social can be optimalized in order to gain the civic society.</p>
The 2018 PISA results show that Indonesian students' numeracy and literacy skills are poor. Epistemological beliefs, beliefs in mathematical knowledge, are one of the factors contributing to poor student literacy skills. This study analyzes epistemological beliefs in solving translation problems of Year 9 students in one of the junior high schools in Manipa Islands, Indonesia. This research employed a descriptive a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were students who tend to meet the indicators of epistemological beliefs. Data collection techniques were observation, tests, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that students' epistemological beliefs in completing the translation met the requirements. First is being able to solve mathematical problems by taking time, where students needed time to solve the problem. This is because students are not sure that they can solve them. Second, students can solve problems that cannot be solved with simple, step-by-step procedures, where students solve problems using their rules/settlement procedures. The third is understanding essential concepts in mathematics, where students understand and work on translation problems using mathematical concepts well. Fourth, word problems are essential in mathematics, with word problems, students can improve critical thinking skill. Finally, efforts can improve mathematical abilities, where students can try to solve problems to improve their math skills. Efforts include reviewing the lesson and increasing practice questions.
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