The earliest account of Acinetobacter species dates back to 1911 when Beijerinck described an organism isolated from soil, originally named Micrococcus calcoaceticus [1]. The current genus designation was initially proposed by Brisou and Prévot in 1954, based on motility [2]. In 1968, a comprehensive survey completed by Baumann et al. provided sufficient data for a group species previously classified to at least 15 different genera and species and reclassified them to a single genus, for which the name Acinetobacter was proposed [2]. Currently, the genus Acinetobacter, which belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria, is composed of 63 species with validly published names according to List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus as the type species (http://www.bacterio.net/acinetobacter.html; last accessed November 2019) and A. baumannii being the most clinically significant species, implicated in both nosocomial and community-derived infections [1]. This highly complex genus is widely distributed in soil, water, and animals, with members often associated with nosocomial infections-primarily aspiration pneumonia and catheter-associated bacteremia-as well as urinary tract infections [3]. The members are characteristically Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, strictly aerobic, and non-fermenting coccobacillus cells that occur in pairs under magnification [4] and exhibit twitching motility [5]. Typically, the DNA G+C content of Acinetobacter spp. is in the range of 34.9-47.0% [2, 6]. The major cellular fatty acids are typically C 18:1ω9c and C 16:0 [7], and the predominant polar lipid is phosphatidylethanolamine [8]. The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone Q-9 [9]. In this study, we applied a polyphasic taxonomy approach to characterize and identify an isolate from raw chicken meat and proposed it as a novel species with the name Acinetobacter pullorum B301 T. Materials and Methods Bacterial Strains Strain B301 T was isolated from raw chicken meat obtained from a local market (Korea). Meat samples were homogenized in 225 ml of Dijkshoorn enrichment medium [10] in a stomacher for 2 min and incubated in a A bacterial strain, designated B301 T and isolated from raw chicken meat obtained from a local market in Korea, was characterized and identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells were gram-negative, non-motile, obligate-aerobic coccobacilli that were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The optimum growth conditions were 30°C, pH 7.0, and 0% NaCl in tryptic soy broth. Colonies were round, convex, smooth, and cream-colored on tryptic soy agar. Strain B301 T has a genome size of 3,102,684 bp, with 2,840 protein-coding genes and 102 RNA genes. The 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that strain B301 T belongs to the genus Acinetobacter and shares highest sequence similarity (97.12%) with A. celticus ANC 4603 T and A. sichuanensis WCHAc060041 T. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values for closely related species were below the cutoff va...
Enterococcus faecalis CAUM157, isolated from raw cow's milk, is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and non-spore-forming bacterium capable of inhabiting a wide range of environmental niches. E. faecalis CAUM157 was observed to produce a two-peptide bacteriocin that had a wide range of activity against several pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and periodontitis-causing bacteria. The whole genome of E. faecalis CAUM157 was sequenced using the PacBio RS II platform, revealing a genome size of 2,972,812 bp with a G+C ratio of 37.44%, assembled into two contigs. Annotation analysis revealed 2,830 coding sequences, 12 rRNAs, and 61 tRNAs. Further, in silico analysis of the genome identified a single bacteriocin gene cluster.
ORCID (for more information, please visit https://orcid.org)Arxel G. Elnar (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2716-4924) Geun-Bae Kim (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8531-1104) Competing interestsNo potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Funding sourcesState funding sources (grants, funding sources, equipment, and supplies). Include name and number of grant if available.Not applicable.
Ligilactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive lactobacilli commonly found in the intestinal tracts of vertebrates. It has been granted a Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) status from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). One specific strain, Ligilactobacillus salivarius B4311, was isolated from fecal samples of broiler chickens from a farm associated with Chung-Ang University (Anseong, Korea). This strain was observed to have inhibitory effects against Listeria monocytogenes . In this paper, we present the complete genome sequence of Lig. salivarius B4311. The whole genome of strain B4311 comprises 2,071,255 bp assembled into 3 contigs representing a chromosome, repA -type megaplasmid, and small plasmid. The genome contains 1,963 protein-coding sequences, 22 rRNA genes, and 78 tRNA genes, with a guanine + cytosine (GC) content of 33.1%. The megaplasmid of strain B4311 was found to contain the bacteriocin gene cluster for salivaricin P, a two-peptide bacteriocin belonging to class IIb.
The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of whey bioconversion products (WBP) with Enterococcus faecalis M157 KACC81148BP on the improvement of periodontitis. Effects of whey bioconversion products (M157) produced by Enterococcus faecalis M157 KACC81148BP and M157 supplemented with bacteriocin active fraction (M157+) on the periodontal disease were examined in the animal models. In addition, the actions of M157 and M157 + were also examined. Cytotoxicity and hemolysis of M157 and M157 + were examined.M157 and M157 + decreased epithelial proliferation, bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV), bone loss volume, and increased bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) in the periodontal tissues. Periodontitis-induced rats treated with M157 and M157 + showed improved anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in protein expression levels. M157 and M157 + did not show cytotoxicity and hemolysis. These results indicate that both WBP by E. faecalis M157 KACC81148BP and the WBP supplemented with bacteriocin active fraction have beneficial properties for alleviating symptoms of periodontitis.
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