PurposeThe purpose of this clinical and radiographic study was to evaluate the effect of age, gender and duration of edentulism on the amount of mandibular residual ridge resorption in a Saudi population.Material and methodsPartially and completely edentulous Saudi patients (50 male and 64 female) attending the outpatient clinics at College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were included. Current age, gender of subjects and date of start of edentulism were recorded. Digital panoramic dental radiograph less than 1 year old of each patient was examined. The height of edentulous mandible was measured as described in the American College of Prosthodontists Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index (PDI) classification. Students t-test and ANOVA post hoc tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and chi square (χ2) analysis were performed as indicated. Level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.ResultsMale patients showed a significantly greater mandibular bone height compared to female patients. Age and bone height were statistically significantly negatively correlated (p = 0.0001). However, age and mandibular bone height in only male patients was negatively correlated and reached statistical significance (p = 0.001) A negative correlation was observed between duration of edentulism and mandibular bone height in both genders, but was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIn a Saudi population, men have greater mandibular bone height than women and also exhibit a negative correlation between age and mandibular bone height that is statistically significant. In contrast, women exhibited a negative correlation between age and mandibular bone height, but was not statistically significant.
The anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is well known to be synthesized using green-synthesized methods, although its mechanism of action is not understood fully. Moringa oleifera leaves were used as reducing and stabilizing agents to synthesize AgNPs. Green-synthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. The synthesized nanoparticles were then characterized by their anticancer properties by performing a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to check the expression levels of the four genes (β-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6)). The synthesized nanoparticles were 25 nm on average and spherical in shape and aggregated form. Noteworthy cytotoxicity is how green-synthesized M. oleifera–AgNPs were observed in comparison with the M. oleifera leaf extract against a cancerous cell line. The M. oleifera–AgNPs decreased the expression of CTNNB1 and LRP6 genes, while the LRP5 gene expression increased in both cell lines. With treatment, the APC gene expression decreased in SW480 but increased in HTC116. Our results imply that AgNPs synthesized by M. oleifera extract could be an ideal strategy to combat colon cancer.
Nanoparticles synthesized from plants are being explored for cancer treatment therapies all over the world. This study reported the eco-friendly and low-cost method for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Adansonia digitata fruit as a reducing and capping agent. The anti-cancer potential of synthesized particles was explored against HTC116 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines. Prepared AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, zeta potential, transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and energy-dispersive spectrum. The cytotoxicity was determined with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and expression levels of four genes (CTNNB1, APC, LRP5, and LRP6) were checked by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The sharp peak of surface plasmon resonance at 400 nm confirms the formation of AgNPs. Dynamic light scattering showed average sizes of 16.34 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.193. A. digitata AgNPs were spherical with slight aggregated. AgNPs were more cytotoxic than A. digitata extract and decrease the expression of CTNNB1 and LRP6 genes while LRP5 gene expression was increased in both cell lines. APC gene expression was decreased in SW480 but increased in HTC116 with treatment. Overall, this study suggested that AgNPs synthesized by A. digitata fruit extract can be an attractive candidate for anticancer applications.
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