BackgroundThe aim of this study was to provide insight on dental fear amongst schoolchildren and evaluate the association between caries experience and fear of dental procedures.MethodsA sample size of 250 students (both sexes) of ages 10-14 years were enrolled in the study. Before dental examination, each participant was informed about the study and given the Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) questionnaire. Children who scored greater than 38 were included in the 'with dental fear' group and those who scored less than 38 were assigned to the 'without dental fear' group. All oral check-ups were carried out on the school premises according to WHO criteria.ResultsThere were 105 children (42%) who experienced dental fear. As CFSS-DS scores increased, scores on the Decayed, Missing and Filled Surfaces Index (DMFS) also increased. Scores were highest on "injections" followed by "dentist drill" and "feeling of choking". Children were significantly less anxious about items of dental treatment if they had experienced that particular form of treatment. Female participants were found to be more dentally anxious than the male participants.ConclusionsThe data revealed dental fear in 10-14 years old children and showed that dental fear scores decreased with increase in age and experience.

Wireless communication system is gaining to much attention for reliable communication. One of modern communication system is Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) and it has several routing protocols for communication. The AODV is the one of efficient protocol for the MANET. In this paper we are proposing a novel technique for modeling for AODV routing protocol. The proposed technique is based on the Markov random walk model. Here we calculate the probability distribution for the several operations for efficient communication. This analysis is helpful to understand the dependency of the various factor over the AODV and it impact on QoS. Its effectiveness and efficiency has been checked by various parameters and further analyzed for the reliability and scalability.

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In a sensor network, packet transmission is easy, but achieving an effective routing path is difficult. The packet information is modified by the intruder node. Initial node capacity is not monitored, so it does not filter out the individual status of each and every node in the routing path. It causes a network that utilizes more energy and minimum packet delivery ratio. This work has implemented the enhanced centrum path allotment-based shielded communication (ECSC) scheme to achieve the shielded packet broadcasting from the sender node to the destination node in the network environment. The quality of packet transmission is improved by using the spatial uniqueness node selection algorithm. It is designed to select the routing node based on its uniqueness; priority-based communication is carried out by the uniqueness process. It improves the packet delivery ratio and network lifetime. It also minimizes packet drop rate and end-to-end delay.