Esophageal carcinoma rarely metastasizes to brain. In our center, among 504 cases of esophageal cancer registered for treatment during a 15-year (1990-2005) period, brain metastasis from esophageal carcinoma was detected in only 1 case. An unusual case of esophageal carcinoma that presented with brain metastasis is reported here.
Titanium in normal melting conditions in air atmosphere present as Ti 4+ ion in basic silicate glasses exhibited an ultraviolet cutoff in silicate glasses, viz. soda-magnesia-silica, soda-magnesia-limesilica and soda-lime-silica glasses. This indicates that Ti 4+ ion can be a good replacement for Ce 4+ ion in producing UV-absorbing silicate glasses for commercial applications. The wavelength maxima at which the infinite absorption takes place in glasses was found to be around 310 nm against Ti-free blank glass in UV-region. The mechanism of electronic transition from O 2ligands to Ti 4+ ion was suggested as L → → M charge transfer. The low energy tails of the ultraviolet cutoff were found to obey Urbach's rule in the optical range 360-500 nm. The fluorescence spectra of these glasses were also studied and based on the radiative fluorescent properties it was suggested that the soda-lime-silica glass containing Ti 4+ ion with greater emission crosssection would emit a better fluorescence than the corresponding soda-magnesia-lime-silica and sodamagnesia-silica glasses. The shift of emission wavelengths maxima towards longer wavelength in titania introduced silicate glasses was observed on replacement of MgO by CaO which may be attributed due to an increase in basicity of the glass system.
Our findings indicate impaired choline metabolism showing a greater risk for DS, especially in a population associated with homocysteine-folate impairment. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.