During March 13–June 23, 2018, anthrax-like cutaneous lesions attributed to the Bacillus cereus group of organisms developed in 12 newborns in India. We traced the source of infection to the healthcare kits used for newborn care. We used multilocus sequence typing to characterize the 19 selected strains from various sources in hospital settings, including the healthcare kits. This analysis revealed the existence of a genetically diverse population comprising mostly new sequence types. Phylogenetic analysis clustered most strains into the previously defined clade I, composed primarily of pathogenic bacilli. We suggest that the synergistic interaction of nonhemolytic enterotoxin and sphingomyelinase might have a role in the development of cutaneous lesions. The infection was controlled by removing the healthcare kits and by implementing an ideal housekeeping program. All the newborns recovered after treatment with ciprofloxacin and amikacin.
Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTI's) are the most frequent infections among patients. The consequences of increased drug resistance are far reaching since bacterial infection of the respiratory tract (RT) is a major cause of death from infectious disease. Objective: This study was focused on obtaining a comprehensive insight into the microbial profile, its prevalence and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates in respiratory tract infections. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Microbiology Department of a Teaching Government Hospital during January 2014 to June 2014. The Respiratory Tract samples were obtained from the patients (n=1376) of all the age and sex groups, with signs and symptoms suggestive of RTIs. Following culture, the isolated organisms were identified and antimicrobial sensitivity was performed by standard methods. Results: Out of the 1376 RT specimens evaluated, 684(49.70%) were culture positive. A Study showed predominance of Gram negative bacterial cause (67.39%) among the RTI's with Klebsiella pneumoniae (41.66%) as a major pathogen followed by Candida spp (17.39%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.86%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.69%), and E coli (10.96%). Gram-negative organisms showed increased resistance to routinely used antibiotic. Gram positive organisms showed 100% susceptibility to vancomycin, linezolid, clindamycin, tetracycline, amoxclav and followed by their susceptibility against gentamycin, penicillin.Conclusion: Therefore, we can conclude that for effective management of RTI's, an ultimate and detailed bacteriological diagnosis and susceptibility testing are required to overcome the global problem of antibiotic resistance.
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