The COVID-19 pandemic caused serious health problems that affected people around the globe. This study aims to understand the physical distress (PhyD), psychological distress (PsyD), and coping experiences among people infected with COVID-19, develop a grounded theory, and examine PhyD, PsyD, and coping among people infected with COVID-19. A sequential exploratory mixed methods strategy is employed. A qualitative procedure is based on a grounded theory; data collection includes observation and in-depth interviews with 25 participants, aged 18 years and above. The quantitative one included 180 participants. Content analysis was applied using the Strauss and Corbin method, and ATLAS.ti software. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and the independent t-test were used. Results: The six major themes, including (1) severity of COVID-19 symptoms, (2) death anxiety, (3) uncertainty, (4) barrier to healthcare access, (5) compliance and self-regulation coping (6) post-COVID-19 effects. PhyD, PsyD, and coping were all at a moderate level. The relationship between PhyD, PsyD, and coping was positive. The prevalence in post-COVID-19 effects was 70% (95% CI 63.3-76.4%). There were higher amounts in women than men. The most frequent residual symptoms were decreased activity tolerance (40%), fatigue (33.3%), anxiety and fear of abnormal lungs (33.3%), dyspnea (27.8%), allergy (24.4%), and lung impairment (22.2%). Moreover, the prevalence of more than two symptoms was 54% (95% CI 47.2–61.7%). This study considers that the healthcare providers should be concerned with sufficient healthcare services. Interventions are needed for supporting their recovery from COVID-19 effects.
Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused serious health problems that affected people physically, and psychologically around the globe. This study aimed to (1) understand physical distress (PhD), psychological distress (PsD), and coping experiences among people infected with COVID-19 (2) develop a grounded theory (3) examine PhD, PsD, and coping among people infected with COVID-19. Methods A sequential exploratory mixed methods strategy was employed. A qualitative procedure was based on a grounded theory, data collection included observation and in-depth interviews with 25 participants, aged 18 years and above. The quantitative one included 180 participants, from Bangkok Metropolitan, and Northeastern region of Thailand from February to May 2022. A snowball sampling technique was used. Quantitative instrument: was built based on grounded data from a qualitative approach. Physical, psychological distress, and coping were assessed. Content analysis was applied using the Strauss and Corbin method, and software ATLAS.ti. Descriptive statistic, Pearson’s correlation, and independent t-test were used. Results Six major themes included 10 sub-themes. The six major themes appeared (1) severity of COVID-19 symptoms (2) death anxiety (3) uncertainty (4) barrier to healthcare access (5) compliance, and self-regulation coping (6) post-COVID-19 effects. PhD, PsD, and coping were at a moderate level. All PhD, PsD, and coping were in positive relations. Comparison of PsD, and coping between the non-severe group and severe group was significantly different (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). Post COVID-19 effects were fatigue, dyspnea, high blood sugar level, impairment of lungs, liver, and kidney. Conclusions The findings of the study supported 6 major themes including 10 sub-themes. All PhD, PsD, and coping were in positive relations. The PsD, and coping of the severe group was higher than non-severe group. Suggestions, healthcare providers should be concerned with sufficient healthcare services, physical and psychological supports. The interventions are needed for their recovery from physical and psychological effects.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused serious health problems that affected people physically, and psychologically around the globe. This study aimed to (1) understand physical distress (PhD), psychological distress (PsD), and coping experiences among people infected with COVID-19 (2) develop a grounded theory (3) examine PhD, PsD, and coping among people infected with COVID-19. Methods: A sequential exploratory mixed methods strategy was employed. A qualitative procedure was based on a grounded theory, data collection included observation and in-depth interviews with 25 participants, aged 18 years and above. The quantitative one included 180 participants, from Bangkok Metropolitan, and Northeastern region of Thailand from February to May 2022. A snowball sampling technique was used. Quantitative instrument: was built based on grounded data from a qualitative approach. Physical, psychological distress, and coping were assessed. Content analysis was applied using the Strauss and Corbin method, and software ATLAS.ti. Descriptive statistic, Pearson’s correlation, and independent t-test were used. Results: Six major themes included 10 sub-themes. The six major themes appeared (1) severity of COVID-19 symptoms (2) death anxiety (3) uncertainty (4) barrier to healthcare access (5) compliance, and self-regulation coping (6) post-COVID-19 effects. PhD, PsD, and coping were at a moderate level. All PhD, PsD, and coping were in positive relations. Comparison of PsD, and coping between the non-severe group and severe group was significantly different (p<0.001, p<0.05). Post COVID-19 effects were fatigue, dyspnea, high blood sugar level, impairment of lungs, liver, and kidney. Conclusions: The findings of the study supported 6 major themes including 10 sub-themes. All PhD, PsD, and coping were in positive relations. The PsD, and coping of the severe group was higher than non-severe group. Suggestions, healthcare providers should be concerned with sufficient healthcare services, physical and psychological supports. The interventions are needed for their recovery from physical and psychological effects.
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