Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are the main component of soil microbial population in most agroecosystems. They forms a close association with more than 80% of the plant species making immobilized mineral nutrients available to the plants in order to sustain normal growth and reproduction. In this study the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi has been examined in seven land use ecosystems of Arunachal Pradesh in Eastern Himalayan region. A total of 24 species of AM fungi belonging to 4 genera viz., Glomus, Scutellospora, Aculospora and Gigaspora were isolated from the soil samples collected from different land use systems. Glomus was the dominant genera and Glomus occulatum was the most abundant species in all the seven land use systems. Total spore number was highly variable among all the land use systems. Species richness was recorded highest in natural forest that maintains a faster nutrient cycle with the highest diversity index. The Jhum fallow land and tea garden has the least number of AM fungal species due to high disturbance of fire and application of fungicides and inorganic fertilizer. Further the plant species composition, particularly the ground vegetation coverage and disturbance level affects the distribution of the AM fungal species. In our study it has been shown that AMF diversity is significantly affected by the land use practices practiced by the people. Hence, the AM fungi isolated from different land use system may be useful in improving the agriculture practices particularly the plantation crops in the region.
was carried out in the Matmora area of Lakhimpur District, Assam, India where sand/silt deposition is causing threats to the farming community by covering the cultivable areas with huge deposition of river sand. The mighty Brahmaputra carried sand/silt along with its fresh flood and covered the green fertile land of Matmora. Participatory Rural appraisal (PRA) was done to evaluate farmers' knowledge on the severity of problem as well as farmers response to the scientific land reclamation technologies. Only 5% of the surveyed farmers knew about the soil reclamation technologies and only 1% farmers adopted such technologies to reclaim the sand/silt deposited fields of Matmora. In order to improve the soil fertility status of the sand/silt deposited area, scientific interventions were done as On-farm Trial (OFT) with the introduction of leguminous crops like blackgram, frenchbean and a highly remunerative crop like garlic with application of huge amount of organic matter. After adopting the interventions technology for sand/silt deposited area, significantly higher average productivity of 10.75 q ha-1 of Blackgram was obtained with fertilizer application @ 50% NPK+2 t of FYM ha-1. 150.04 qha-1 French bean was obtained with fertilizer application @ 50% NPK+40t FYM ha-1 and 18.48 q ha-1 garlic was recorded with fertilizer application @50%NPK+40 t FYM ha-1 as compared to the farmers practice. Treatments comprising leguminous crop with double dose of FYM resulted higher organic C content of soil, increased available N, P and K and reduction of soil pH in sand/silt deposited area of Matmora of Assam.
The high yielding variety Ranjit is the most popular rice variety in Sivasagar district as is the case for the entire state of Assam. However, its productivity in Sivasagar district is still quite below its potential, primarily because of non-adoption of the management practices recommended to the farmers. To demonstrate the effect of latest technologies on the productivity, the KVK, Sivasagar carried out altogether 24 Front Line Demonstrations (FLD) on the variety with application of Zinc sulphate @ 25kg/ha + NPK @ 60:20:40 kg/ha (recommended dose of fertilizer for paddy in Assam) covering an area of 12 ha of farmers field in five different villages namely Belimukhia, Hulalgaon, Phoolpanichiga, Namti, Bhekurichapori during the year 2018 - 2020. The results recorded in these demonstrations were compared with those under the farmers' local practice. The results revealed that application of Zinc sulphate along with RDF in paddy enhanced the average yield to 53.17 q/ha in FLD plots as compared to 32.17 q/ha recorded under farmer's own practice. The percent increase in yield recorded 33.88%. the extension gap was recorded 21 q/ha whereas technology gap and technology index were observed 6.83 q/ha and 11.37 % respectively. The results revealed that the FLD was effective in changing attitude, knowledge and adoption of improved technologies of paddy cultivation and ultimately in obtaining sustainable income from paddy cultivation in Sivasagar district of Assam.
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