BACKGROUNDThe aim of the study is to evaluate cyclooxygenase -2 (COX-2) expression in cases of sporadic cancer cases of colorectum. COX-2 is an important enzyme involved in inflammation, so in future COX-2 inhibitor could be used in the treatment of chronic inflammation of these organs as well as malignancies.
Background: In a country like India which has got rersource constraints, Fine needle aspiration cytology is a less time consuming, reliable, suitable for moribund patients as well as an inexpensive diagnostic method. It is suitable for the developing countries like India and state like Bihar for the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy at any approachable site. Fine needle aspiration cytology not only gives first hand idea about the cause of lymphadenopathy but also confirms the presence of metastatic disease. In most cases, it gives the clue regarding the origin of the primary tumor. The aim of the study was to find out the cytological diagnosis of metastatic lymph node lesions. Methods: A combined prospective and retrospective study was done of all metastatic lymph node lesions (including both superficial and deep nodes) reported cases of fine needle aspiration cytology were taken for study in which 540 cases were of lymph node. Cytology results were unsatisfactory in 30 specimens (5.55%), "reactive" or "infective" in 120 specimens (22.22%), positive for metastasis in 374 specimens (69.23%) and hematolymphoid malignancies include 16 cases (3%). The most common site was anterior and posterior triangles cervical nodes. The most common malignancy was adenocarcinoma, seen in 164 cases (44%), followed by metastatic squamous cells carcinoma (108 cases, 29 %). Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphadenoathy is a useful tool in diagnosing metastatic lesions with good certainty.
Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate distribution of gall bladder cancer (GBC) age and sex wise, presenting in a tertiary cancer care centre of Bihar. Methods: Total no. of 202 cases of gall bladder cancer is taken in a period of 2 months. Results: In our study incidence of Gall bladder cancer in females is found to be 2.48 times higher as compared to males. Mean age for presentation males is 55.41years, whereas in females it is 52.04 years. Conclusion: Thus our study concludes that Gall bladder cancer is a common malignancy of north India in both males as well as females.
Background: Traditional risk factors for coronary artery diseases are not very specific in identifying coronary artery disease (CAD). LDL cholesterol is a proven risk factor for developing coronary artery disease (CAD). However Indian populations with established CAD often have lipid levels within normal range. Oxidized LDL is seen as a sensitive marker for CAD, so it might be a better predictor of coronary atherosclerosis than standard lipid profile and traditional risk factors. Objectives: The proposed study was therefore designed to analyze the levels of oxidized LDL level in Indian patients undergoing coronary angiography and to study its value in predicting the occurrence and extent of CAD in this patient population. Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and on the basis of presence or absence of CAD, was grouped as normal or CAD group. Conventional risk factors (i.e. age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol) were analyzed in all subjects as per institutional protocol. Levels of ox-LDL were measured in a monoclonal antibody 4E6 based competition ELISA. Results: A total of 211 patients were included in the study of which 151 had disease on angiography (angiographically proven coronary artery disease) and 60 subjects had normal coronary angiogram (free of coronary artery disease). There was no significant difference in traditional lipid parameters and traditional risk factors between patients with and without CAD, and a significant difference was noted with respect to oxidized LDL in subjects with CAD (104.6±7.9 U/l) compared to subjects without CAD (79.4±3.9U/l, p<0.001). On ROC analysis at cutoff value 84 U/l, sensitivity and specificity of oxidized LDL was 97.4% and 90% respectively for detection of CAD. Conclusion: we conclude, that plasma oxidized-LDL is a very sensitive marker of CAD in Indian population even in near normal lipid profile or patients treated with statin and addition of oxidized-LDL to the established risk factors may improve CAD risk prediction.
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