Objective:Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide and is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in Indian women. This study evaluates the differences between pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer women regarding risk factors, nature of disease presentation, tumor characteristics, and management.Methods:This is a prospective observational study, conducted in the Oncology Department of St. Ann's Cancer Hospital, for a period of 6 months from January to August 2012. Data on basic demography, clinical and pathological tumor profile, and treatment details were collected prospectively for each patient based on patient interviews and medical records.Findings:Among 100 female patients taken up for the study, 48 were premenopausal and 52 had reached menopause. The mean age of presentation for breast carcinoma was a decade earlier in these patients compared with western patients. The risk factors for both pre-and post-menopausal breast cancer were found similar other than late menopause in postmenopausal patients. Having dense breast tissue was a predominant risk factor among all women. Late presentation was the common phenomenon in almost all patients. The treatment given was not based on any standard guidelines due to inadequate public health policies.Conclusion:Late stage at presentation of breast cancer is the main problem and possesses a challenge to the health care community. In order to reduce the burden of breast cancer, a multi-sectorial approach and evidence-based strategies aiming at early detection and effective management of the disease are required.
Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is a chronic inflammation of the skin characterized by lichenification of the skin because of excessive scratching. This case report depicts a 58-year-old male with the chief complaints of pain in left hemiplegia upper and lower limbs and slurring of speech for 10 days. The patient also had complaints of itching and skin lesion over the upper and lower limbs for 1 year. The associations of LSC with depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and personality disorders are well established in the literature. LSC is an irritating itchy dermatosis in which anxiety is common and affects the quality of life (QOL) of the patients.
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