The usefulness of maternal anthropometric parameters i.e. maternal weight (MWt), maternal height (MHt), maternal mid-arm circumference (MMAC) and maternal body mass index (MBMI) as predictors of low birth weight (LBW) was studied in 395 singleton pregnancies. The maternal anthropometric parameters were measured in the first trimester of pregnancy and were plotted against the birth weight of the newborns. Significant positive correlations were observed among MWt and birth weight (r=0.38), MHt and birth weight (r=0.25), MMAC and birth weight (r=0.30) and MBMI and birth weight (r=0.30). The most sensitive being MWt (t=7.796), followed by MMAC (t=5.759), MHt (t=4.706) and MBMI (t=5.89). For prediction of LBW, the critical limits of MWt, MHt, MMAC and MBMI were 45 kg, 152 cm, 22.5 cm, 20 kg/m2 respectively. From these observations, the use of colour-coded weighing machines, height rods and tapes may be devised for use by peripheral health workers and traditional birth attendants for detection of mothers at risk of delivering low birth weight babies (Table 5). Mothers who have anthropometric parameters in the 'red zone' are at risk of delivery LBW infants.
Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease that continues to affect almost every country in the world. The contemporary management of dental caries focuses on non-restorative, non-invasive, and micro-invasive treatment approaches that arrest or reverse the caries process at a lesion level and reduce the loss of sound tooth structure. One of these approaches is the employment of caries arresting agents that possess antibacterial and remineralizing properties. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has drawn significant attention as an efficient caries arresting agent in children and adults. The major limitation with the use of SDF is the dark black staining of the carious tissue that compromises the esthetics. Silver ions are known for their antimicrobial effects, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have the added advantage that it increases the surface area for exposure to the microbes. Literature reports that AgNPs have antimicrobial potential against predominant cariogenic flora. It has led to the development of nanosilver fluoride (NSF), a new colloid based on AgNPs, chitosan, and fluoride. It has shown to overcome the clinical limitations of SDF as it does not cause carious lesion staining. However, the current scientific literature lacks a comprehensive review of the benefits of using NSF for caries prevention and arrest. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to review the studies and clinical trials on NSF as a caries arresting agent, including antibacterial actions and modulation of the demineralization-remineralization balance.
Background:Numerous factors contribute to variation in tooth size. This is broadly described as genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. A strong genetic contribution has been shown, but environmental factors may also play a role.Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and tooth crown size.Design:An observational cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 school-going children of 6–9 years. The value obtained was plotted on age- and gender-specific percentile curves chart given by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; individuals were categorized based on body mass index criteria. The participants were examined for the mesiodistal width of primary second molar and permanent first molar by three different observers using a Vernier Caliper. Data obtained were statistically analyzed.Results:total of 45, 40, and 15 belonged to underweight, normal, and overweight category, respectively. The tooth size of primary molar between healthy, overweight, and underweight children was 9.87 ± 0.23, 9.47 ± 0.48, and 9.61 ± 0.7, respectively, and for permanent molar between healthy, overweight, and underweight children was 10.63 ± 0.2, 10.56 ± 0.5, and 10.57 ± 0.6, respectively.Conclusion:The correlation between tooth crown size with an exogenous chronic stressor, i.e., malnutrition, was found to be nonsignificant when compared with the healthy individuals. The findings indicate that nutritional status does not significantly influence the determination of tooth size in humans.
Digit sucking is a common childhood behavior, which has an adaptive value for children up to the fourth year of life. It is usually associated with oral pleasure and self-comforting behavior. But chronic practice may produce deleterious effect in the form of dental and skeletal deformities. Adjunctive therapy using bluegrass appliance as a permanent reminder and quadhelix appliance as a reminder as well as a slow palatal expander has proven successful in intercepting digit-sucking habit and expanding the arch for crossbite correction. In the present case, a versatile modified quadhelix appliance incorporating a roller was designed to clinically correct the habit and its resulting dentofacial deformities.
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