No abstract

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of epidural and I/V Tramadol for painless labor and effect on perinatal outcome. Material and methods: A total of 90 parturients admitted in S.N. Medical College, Agra were selected for study. Thirty parturients received intravenous tramadol, thirty received epidural tramadol and thirty were kept as controls by the method of randomization. In the intravenous group, tramadol in doses of 1mg/Kg body weight IV bolus and 100mg in 500ml Ringer lactate at the rate of 8-24 drops/min was given. In the epidural group tramadol 1mg/kg body weight with 8-10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was given. Results: In the epidural group, pain relief was excellent in 36.67%, good in 50% and average in 13.33%. In intravenous group, pain relief was excellent in 10%, good in 26.67% and average in 63.33%. In both the groups there was no significant effect on duration of 1st & 3rd stage of labor. Second stage of labor was prolonged in the control group. There were no significant changes in APGAR scoring. Conclusion: Epidural tramadol is a safe and effective method for labor pain relief better than I/V tramadol.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Background: Leiomyomas are the most common benign uterine neoplasm in women of reproductive age group. Uterine leiomyoma are steroid dependent tumors. Leiomyomas are diagnosed by the clinical examination, ultra sound and histopathological examination of the hysterectomy specimens. The aim of this study was to know the clinical symptoms and to diagnose endometrial, ovarian, and other associated coexisting pathologies with leiomyoma and their correlation with leiomyoma. Materials and Methods:Present study was conducted on hysterectomy specimens between January 2008 to 31 December 2015 in the Pathology Department of Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Saifai, Uttar Pradesh, India. Specimens were grossly examined, sectioned and hematoxylin and eosin stain was applied. Slides were reviewed by pathologist and diagnosis was made.Results: A total of 437 patients were included. The common age group of patients with leiomyoma was 31-40 (42.10 %). Menorrhagia (60.86 %) was the prime clinical symptom. Among endometrial pathologies and changes, proliferative phase was maximum ( 48.51 %) and endometrial hyperplasia was ( 5.03%) . Proliferative phase was seen more with degenerative changes (42.1%) and hyaline degenerative was frequent (15.33 %). Adenomyosis was also seen (15.10 %). The common pathologies in ovary were simple serous cyst (6.40 %). Conclusion:Leiomyoma uteri is a myometrial pathology presenting with clinical symptom of menorrhagia. Proliferative phase, endometrial hyperplasia were common endometrial changes and pathology. Adenomyosis was also common. Chocolate cyst in ovary was also seen which all shows a strong association of hyperestrogenic state being responsible for leiomyoma and all associated pathologies. squamous cell carcinoma were also identified. Among infections Trichomoniasis and candidiasis were seen.

No abstract

No abstract