Chronic kidney disease (CKD) becomes a major problem for world health. Numerous studies have documented that the polymorphisms in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene may contribute to an individual risk for the loss of kidney function. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible relationship between ACE G2350A gene polymorphism and the risk of CKD in Uttar Pradesh population. A total of 379 (159 CKD patients and 220 healthy controls) subjects were recruited for this study. All subjects were genotyped for G2350A polymorphism by PCR-RFLP method. The significant differences were reported between CKD patients and control groups in height, BMI, WC, WH ratio, SBP, DBP, FBS, serum creatinine, eGFR, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL (p < 0.05); while there was no difference in weight, WC, HC and VLDL. The frequency of AA genotype and A-allele were significantly higher in healthy controls than to patients. Conclusively, this study showed that the G2350A polymorphism may not contribute to CKD risk. Further investigations are warranted in larger sample size to confirm our results.
Background: Congenital tuberculosis is defined as infection acquired to a newborn from infected mother by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli during the intrauterine period or during normal birth. Though tuberculosis infection is very common all over the world, congenital tuberculosis is rare and mortality is 50%. Nonspecific symptoms in congenital tuberculosis and difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in general, make it difficult to reach a final diagnosis so congenital tuberculosis is generally known clinically during the first postnatal month. Maternal tuberculosis is common but congenital tuberculosis is rare and fatal. Also the clinical features are not specific but diagnosis is difficult. So screening of all pregnant ladies can help in early diagnosis and prevention of congenital tuberculosis.Methods: This article has been produced by analyzing various publications since 1998 till date, and by using search gear, pub med, hinari and google.Result: Around 350 cases have been reported so far from different part of the world. There is paucity of data from our part of world.Conclusion: The difficulties in diagnostic and therapeutic conduct of this disease, which are of great interest to public health, points to the need to develop specific protocols. MED Phoenix Volume (1), Issue (1) July 2016, Page: 19-22
Background: On the date of 24 July 2017, the major national daily newspaper reported that there were two death cases from an unknown disease in the Morang district, Sundarharicha Municipality 5, Foklan Tapu. A team of researcher and experts were mobilized in the affected area to investigate and identify the etiological and epidemiological causes.Methods: Both qualitative and quantitative methods was used to conduct the outbreak investigation. 83 blood samples were taken from the patients and microbiological analysis was done at National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu. Similarly, 2 verbal autopsies and 5 Key in-depth interviews were taken from a local community leader, local health service providers, medical officer of Koshi Zonal Hospital, district public health officer and medical director of WHO.Results: Out of 83 participants, 49% and 25% of the participants were positive to IgM and IgG antibodies of Leptospira species respectively. 87% of the participants were exposed to animal living in his/her home (including pets). Conclusions: An outbreak which was existing during this investigation turned out to be leptospirosis outbreak, whose exposure was consumption of unhealthy meat during social gathering.Keywords: Epidemiological; etiological; febrile illness; outbreak investigation.
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