6Considerable three-dimensional (3D) effects are involved in the seismic performance of pile-7 supported wharves. Such effects include the pile-to-pile interaction mechanisms as dictated by 8 the behavior of the surrounding soil. This interaction might be further affected by potential 9 ground slope settlement/heave, and the constraint of pile connectivity along the relatively rigid 10 wharf deck. In order to capture a number of these salient response characteristics, a 3D finite 11 element (FE) study is conducted herein. The prototype system motivating this study is presented, 12 along with the corresponding numerical details. A realistic multi-layer soil profile is considered, 13 with interbedded relatively soft/stiff strata. Effect of the resulting seismically-induced ground 14 deformation on the pile-supported wharf system is explored. Specific attention is drawn to the 15 noteworthy potential changes in axial force due to variation in pile embedment depth, and the 16 ground slope deformation. The analysis technique as well as the derived insights are of 17 significance to general pile-wharf-ground system configurations. 18 19 Arulmoli et al. (2004) carried out a 2D dynamic finite element (FE) DYNAFLOW analysis of a 43 wharf-dike-backland system, investigating the pile pinning effects. Using OpenSees, Yang et al. 44 (2012) conducted 2D FE simulations to develop fragility curves for a typical wharf structure. 45 Employing advanced structural and soil modeling procedures, Shafieezadeh et al. (2012a) 46 performed 2D nonlinear plane-strain seismic analyses. The simulated results showed that the 47
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