). In order to make comparisons between groups with different severities of sleep-disordered breathing, we classified the patients in four groups using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): Group 1, AHI 5 Ͻ 15 (n ϭ 10); Group 2, AHI 15 Ͻ 30 (n ϭ 10); Group 3, AHI 30 Ͻ 65 (n ϭ 14); Group 4, AHI Ն 65 (n ϭ 17).
Results:A wide range of sleep-disordered breathing, ranging from AHI of 2.5 to 128.9 was found. Ninety-eight percent of the sample (n ϭ 51) had an AHI Ն 5 (mean ϭ 51 Ϯ 37), and 33% had severe sleep apnea with AHI Ն 65 with a mean nocturnal desaturation time of Ͻ65% over 135 minutes. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were present in 31% of the patients. Cardiac rhythm alterations showed an association with the level of sleep-disordered breathing and oxygen desaturation. Discussion: We conclude that there is a high prevalence of sleep apnea in morbidly obese patients and that the risk for cardiac arrhythmias increases in this population in the presence of a severe sleep apnea (AHI Ն 65) with severe oxygen desaturation (SaO 2 Յ 65%).
These results show for the first time that the NK(1), NK(2) and NK(3) tachykinin receptor proteins are present in human spermatozoa. Our findings suggest that tachykinins, probably acting through these three tachykinin receptors, play a role in the regulation of human sperm motility.
Bariatric surgery effectively reduces respiratory disturbances during sleep and improves pulmonary hypertension. Electro cardiographic abnormalities change after surgery. Daytime sleepiness appeared not to be related to respiratory disturbances during sleep.
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