In the present work, we analyzed the linear and nonlinear model suitabilities for adsorption data from aqueous As(III) removal by manganese ferrite nanoparticles (NPs). Hence, As(III) adsorption onto ferrite NPs was formerly analyzed by the intraparticle diffusion model (IPD). Then, adsorption kinetics was described by the pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudosecond-order (PSO), and Elovich models, while equilibrium adsorption was fitted to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Linear and nonlinear kinetic and isotherm models were solved and compared. The nonlinear data fitting was applied through the lsqcurvefit user-defined function (Matlab ver. 7.10.0). The initial adsorption rate was influenced by intraparticle diffusion and surface or film diffusion from the arsenic bulk solution to ferrite NPs, according to the IPD model. Adsorption kinetics of As(III) on manganese ferrite NPs was better described by the PSO model, followed by the Elovich model and then the PFO model. Equilibrium adsorption data were only worthily described by the Freundlich isotherm model. While the PSO, Elovich and Freundlich linear models showed even better fit than the nonlinear models, determinant bias was depicted for the PFO and Langmuir linear models. Thus, to use nonlinear adsorption models is highly advisable, having the Matlab lsqcurvefit function been proven very useful to face such task.

In this study, a manganese oxide, Mn3O4 was used to remove chromium(III) and chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. The Mn3O4 nanomaterial was synthesized through a precipitation method, and was characterized using XRD, which confirmed the material had a crystal structure similar to hausmannite. In addition, using Scherrer’s equation it was determined that the nanomaterial had an average grain size of 19.5 ± 1.10 nm. A study of the effects of pH on the binding of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) showed that the optimum binding pH was 4 and 3 respectively. Batch isotherm studies were performed to determine the binding capacity of chromium(III), which was determined to be 18.7 mg/g, 41.7 mg/g, and 54.4 mg/g respectively for 4°C, 21°C, and 45°C. Chromium(VI) on the other hand had lower binding capacities of 2.5 mg/g, 4.3 mg/g, and 5.8 mg/g for 4°C, 21°C, 45°C, respectively. Thermodynamic studies performed indicated the sorption process was for the most part controlled by physisorption. The ΔG for the sorption of chromium(III) and Chromium(VI) ranged from −0.9 to −13 kJ/mol, indicating a spontaneous reaction was occurring. The enthalpy indicated a endothermic reaction was occurring during the binding and show ΔH values of 70.6 and 19.1 kJ.mol for chromium(III) and Chromium(VI), respectively. In addition, ΔS for the reaction had positive values of 267 and 73 J/mol for chromium(III) and chromium(VI) which indicate a spontaneous reaction. In addition, the sorption process was found to follow pseudo second order kinetic and the activation energy studies indicated the binding process occurred through chemisorption.

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Engineered iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) have been used extensively for environmental remediation. It may cause the release IO-NPs to the environment affecting the functions of ecosystems. Plants are an important component of ecosystems and can be used for the evaluation of overall fate, transport and exposure pathways of IO-NPs in the environment. In this work, the effects of engineered ferrihydrite and hematite NPs on the germination and growth of maize are studied. The germination and growth of maize were done with treatments at different concentrations of hematite and ferrihydrite NPs, namely 1, 2, 4, and 6 g/L. Biological indicators of toxicity or stress in maize seedlings were not observed in treatments with engineered hematite and ferrihydrite NPs. In contrast, the NPs treatments increased the growth of maize and the chlorophyll content, except for hematite NPs at 6 g/L, where non-significant effects were found. The translocation of engineered ferrihydrite and hematite NPs in maize stems was demonstrated using confocal laser scanning microscopy.

In this work, relationships between chemical and physical properties of fluorine doped tin oxide films prepared by the chemical spray pyrolysis technique have been studied. Changes in the structural, optical and electrical properties of these films in relation to their doping concentrations determined by the resonant nuclear reaction analysis and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques have been correlated. By XPS measurements, it was found that the fluorine content in the tin oxide films does not induce any chemical shift of the Sn and O core levels. At the same time, XPS measurements are carried out at low binding energy, shown that the valence band of heavy doped tin oxide changes with respect to that determined in SnO2 powder, due to the influence of the fluorine doping. In addition, it was shown that the formation of F–Sn complexes provides a decrease in both the concentration and mobility of the carriers.