There is no clear evidence that vitamin D effectively improves physical capacity in high-level athletes. The aim of this study was to confirm that vitamin D supplementation of soccer players during eight-week high-intensity training would have a significant effect on their aerobic capacity. The subjects were divided into two groups: the experimental one that was supplemented with vitamin D (SG, n = 20), and the placebo group (PG, n = 16), not supplemented with vitamin D. All the players were subjected to the same soccer training described as High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). The data of the vitamin D level, PWC170, lactate threshold (LT) were collected just before and after the intervention. A significant increase in vitamin D concentration (119%) was observed in the supplemented group, while the non-supplemented group showed a decrease of 8.4%. The studied subjects improved VO2max results by 20% in the SG, and by 13% in the PG. The improvement in velocity at the LT was similar in both groups. Results of this study show that vitamin D can have a positive, though moderate, effect on aerobic performance in players subjected to high-intensity training in the form of small-sided games for 8 weeks.

There has recently been an increase in quantification and objective analysis of soccer performance due to improvements in technology using load indexes such as Player Load (PL) and Metabolic Power (MP). The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the performance of PL and MP in competition according to the specific role, match‐to‐ match variation, periods of play, game location and match status according to game periods, and (2) to analyze the relationship between both indexes. Twenty‐one national‐level soccer players were distributed in the following specific positional roles: external defenders (ED) (n = 4), central defenders (CD) (n = 4), midfielders (M) (n = 5), external midfielders (EM) (n = 4) and attackers (A) (n = 4). A total of 12 matches played by a Spanish Third Division team during the 2016/2017 season were analyzed. WIMU PROTM inertial devices (RealTrack System, Almeria, Spain) were used for recording the data. The main results were: (1) a performance reduction in both variables over the course of match time, (2) significant differences in both variables based on the specific position, (3) differences in physical demands during the season matches, (4) winning during a game period and the condition of being the visitor team provoked higher demands, and (5) a high correlation between both variables in soccer. In conclusion, different contextual variables influence the external load demands; both indexes are related so they could be used for external load quantification, and it is necessary to analyze physical demands of the competition for a specific and individualized load design in training sessions.

The level of physical activity of people is a very important issue internationally. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of habitual physical activity in children and adolescents from the Region of Murcia (Spain). With this purpose, the questionnaire Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise (PACE) was administered to 1055 children and adolescents (532 males and 523 females), aged between 3 and 18 years. The results showed that the sample studied does not do enough physical activity, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, as they do at least 60 min of physical activity only an average of 3.29 days/week (SD = 1.84). Besides, 77 % of the schoolchildren studied is inactive according to the classification of PACE questionnaire. According to sex, there are more active boys (31.2 %) than active girls (14.9 %) and, on average, boys do more physical activity than girls, almost a day more per week.

The objective was to analyze body composition in children and adolescents of Southern Europe to identify prevalence of overweight and obesity. This investigation involved 512 girls and 488 boys between 7-to 19-years. Variables evaluated were Body Mass Index (BMI) and Fat Mass (FM; electrical bioimpedance). The references used to establish prevalence according to BMI were those of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF); in the case of FM, the Child Growth Foundation (CGF) reference was used. There were significant differences ( p < 0.05) in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between the three classifications (32.3% according to IOTF, 37.3% according to WHO, and 39.8% according to CGF), being higher in males. WHO-IOTF concordance was substantial (kappa = 0.793), whereas concordances WHO-CGF (kappa = 0.504) and IOTF-CGF (kappa = 0.447) were moderate. The authors recommend evaluating overweight and obesity not only with BMI, but also with FM, and always specify the references used.

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Título: Análisis de imagen corporal y obesidad mediante las siluetas de Stunkard en niños y adolescentes españoles de 3 a 18 años. Resumen: Este artículo se centra en estudiar la imagen corporal y la sobrecarga ponderal (sobrepeso y obesidad) en niños y adolescentes españo-les. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1082 niños y adolescentes de 3-18 años (11.85±2.82) de la Región de Murcia (541 de sexo masculino y 541 de sexo femenino). El instrumento utilizado fue el de las siluetas de Stunkard. El 34 % de hombres y el 17.9% de mujeres fueron clasificados en la categoría de sobrepeso/obesidad, χ 2 (1) =26.936, p=.001, d=0.65. Respecto a la imagen corporal, el 61.2% presentó insatisfacción con su cuerpo, destacando aquellos a los que les gustaría ser más delgados (hombres 44.7% y mujeres 46%). Por tanto, el problema psicológico de la insatisfacción corporal tuvo una mayor prevalencia que el problema fisiológico de la obesidad. Se recomienda implementar programas de actividad física para mejorar la imagen corporal y la composición corporal de los niños y adolescentes de la Región de Murcia. Palabras clave: Autoconcepto físico; insatisfacción corporal; sobrepeso; composición corporal.Abstract: This paper is focused on the study of body image and excess weight and obesity in Spanish children and adolescents. This investigation involved 1082 children and adolescents (541 males and 541 females) from the Region of Murcia, aged between 3 and 18 years (11.85±2.82). The instrument used was Stunkard's silhouettes. 34% of men and 17.9% of women were classified as overweight/obese, χ 2 (1) =26.936, p=.001, d=0.65. Regarding body image, 61.2% were dissatisfied with their body, highlighting those who would like to be thinner (men 44.7% and women 46%). Therefore, the psychological problem of body dissatisfaction had a higher prevalence than the physiological problem of obesity. It is recommended to implement physical activity programs to improve body image and body composition of children and adolescents in the Region of Murcia.

Título: Reconceptualización de la resiliencia en el lugar de trabajo -Una perspectiva interdisciplinar. Resumen: Las situaciones estresantes, la presión laboral y los contratiempos son parte de la organización de la vida contemporánea. La naturaleza dinámica de los avances tecnológicos y la globalización del comercio conduce a mayores presiones competitivas y a un cambio constante. Las respuestas de las personas a estas complejas circunstancias son muy diferentes. Algunos se recuperan y se adaptan a los nuevos retos y adversidades, mientras que otros ven su salud seriamente afectada. Aunque la resiliencia es reconocida como un asunto crucial en el lugar de trabajo, la prevalencia de casos de estrés laboral y depresión se ha mantenido constante durante más de diez años. La investigación en resiliencia dentro de la Psicología Aplicada normalmente se ha centrado en el aspecto psicológico del funcionamiento de la persona. Por tanto, los entrenamientos o intervenciones para mejorar la resiliencia se han centrado solo en un área. El objetivo de este artículo es construir una conceptualización comprensiva de la resiliencia en el lugar de trabajo, a fin de ayudar al diseño de intervenciones específicas y desarrollar un modelo para avanzar en el área de investigación en su conjunto. Una comprensión y un enfoque interdisciplinar de la resiliencia individual en el lugar de trabajo permitiría comprender mejor el mecanismo de por qué algunas personas se recuperan de eventos adversos, mientras que el bienestar de otros disminuye. Proponemos un enfoque de la resiliencia que tenga en cuenta aspectos psicológicos (cognitivos y emocionales) y fisiológicos (cardiovasculares, gastrointestinales y metabólicos). Palabras clave: Resiliencia; individual; lugar de trabajo; salud; interdisciplinar.Abstract: Stressful situations, performance pressure, and setbacks are part of contemporary organizational life. The dynamic nature of technological advances and globalisation of business leads to tougher competitive pressures and constant change. People's responses to these challenging circumstances vary widely. Some bounce back and adapt to increasing challenges and adversity, others' healthy functioning is significantly impaired. Even though resilience is recognised as a crucial issue in the workplace, the rates of new cases of work-related stress and depression have remained broadly flat for more than 10 years. Resilience research within Applied Psychology typically focuses on the psychological domain of a person's functioning. This means that also resilience trainings or interventions focus on only one area. The present paper aims to build a comprehensive conceptualization of workplace resilience ultimately to assist in informing targeted intervention and in developing a model to move the research area forward as a whole. A cross-disciplinary understanding of and approach to individual resilience in the workplace would allow to better understand the mechanism of why some people bounce back from adverse events whereas others' well-being dec...

El objetivo del estudio fue explorar los efectos de sesiones de ejercicio en video sobre los cambios en las percepciones y actitudes de los estudiantes de educación primaria hacia la actividad física, la autoeficacia física y el conocimiento académico adquirido relacionado con la salud. El estudio incluyó a 181 estudiantes de educación primaria, de primer a cuarto curso, de los cuales 93 (51.4%) constituyeron el grupo experimental y 88 (48.6%) el grupo control (Medad = 8.24; DT = 1.10 años). Los efectos de la intervención mediante sesiones de ejercicio en video fueron medidos mediante la Escala de Actitudes Hacia la Actividad Física, que se administró en el pretest y el postest. El grupo experimental llevó a cabo la intervención mediante las sesiones de ejercicio en vídeo todos los días escolares durante tres meses. Tras la intervención, se encontraron mejoras significativas en el grupo experimental en las percepciones y actitudes de los estudiantes hacia la actividad física, en su autoeficacia física y en el conocimiento académico adquirido relacionado con la salud. En el grupo control no se produjeron mejoras tras el periodo de intervención. El estudio apoya firmemente la efectividad del programa de ejercicios en video.