ARTICLE INTRODUCTIONThe WHO estimates that there are 105.7 million new cases of Chlamydia worldwide, with 3 to 4 million of these only in the United States of America (USA), with over 1.4 million cases reported in 2011 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) , 5 million in Eastern Europe, and 34 million in subSaharan Africa and southeast Asia (5)(6)(7)(8)(9) . Worldwide, it occurs more frequently in sexually active young adults, generally aged younger than 20 years, and it is nearly three times higher in the 14-24 years age group (5,7,9,10) . It currently represents the leading cause of female infertility, but the most common infections are urethritis and cervicitis, which, if untreated, can lead to serious consequences in the reproductive tract such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility (6,(8)(9)(10) . About 50% of infected men and 70 to 75% of infected women are asymptomatic. The infection is transmitted during sexual contact and to the newborn at birth and may cause neonatal conjunctivitis or pneumonia (5,6,(8)(9)(10) . Over 100 million individuals of both sexes worldwide are infected with Chlamydia at some point in their lives (6,9,10) . Among male subjects, the prevalence is comparable with that of risk populations, ranging from 15 to 20%, while in the asymptomatic population, it is between 3 and 7%. In female subjects, the infection rates of asymptomatic populations are between 3 and 10%, while in high-risk populations they are above 20% (1)
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