In the Chantuto-Panzacola system, Chiapas, México, a study of a fish community was carried out between March and November of 1997. From a total of 1 456 fish collected, 31 species, 25 genera and 19 families had been identified. The diversity and abundance were high in March with H'= 2.67 bits/ind, D = 3.89 sp/ind, biomass 1.88 g/m 2 , density 0.25 ind/m 2 and average weight 7.55 g/ind. Significant differences were found between the ecological parameters and the environmental variables of the ecosystem in the months of study (ANOVA and Tukey, p<0.05). The multiple discriminant analysis showed that the temperature and the salinity was the most important factors in the variation of the community. The frequency analysis and spatial distribution of the fish allowed to define fish assemblages formed by several groups of species that inhabits the system. Nine dominant species were defined for the ecosystem, representing the 71% in number and the 76.4% in weight of the total catch, Achirus mazatlanus, Caranx hippos, Cathorops fuerthi, Centropomus robalito, Cichlasoma macracanthum, Cichlasoma trimaculatum, Gobiomorus maculatus, Gobionellus microdon and Lile gracilis.
La Mancha lagoon in the Gulf of Mexico, is a coastal system with Ramsar category because of its high biodiversity, many species of fish depend on it to complete their life cycles. In this study we analyzed the spatial and temporal variation of fish diversity, abundance and associations, and its relationship with physicochemical factors. Between April 2005 and January 2008, 95 daytime samplings were carried out at seven sites, where water characteristics and the composition of fish community were recorded. The system presented spatial-temporal variations of the physicochemical parameters, defining contrasting environments according to the local gradients. A total of 5 974 fish individuals, belonging to 50 species, 39 genera and 25 families were collected; four species were new records for the system. The diversity and richness of species were high in the brackish environment and low in freshwaters areas. In September (rainy season) and November (“nortes” season), diversity (H' = 1.52) and richness (D = 1.99) were highest. Fish abundance was greater towards the mouth connecting with the sea. The density and biomass (1.17 ind/m2, 4.33 g/m2) was higher in April (dry season) and the average weight (30.82 g/ind) in July (rainy season). The Importance Value Index (IVI) defined four dominant species representing 75 % of the numerical abundance and 46 % of the total catch in weight. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that the fish-habitat relationship was explained in 57 % of the total variance for the first two axes, where the variations in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and depth were the environmental factors that determined the composition, distribution, community components and trophic categories of the fish community. This study provides information on the relationship between the environment and the structure of the fish community in La Mancha, and represents a basis for ecological monitoring to increase the knowledge needed about the ecosystem and fish populations, in order to boost management strategies for the fishery resources conservation in Veracruz.
La comunidad de peces en la Laguna del Ostión es objeto de pesca, sin embargo, los estudios ecológicos sobre esta son escasos. Se analizó la variación espacial y temporal de su estructura comunitaria, así como de los parámetros fisicoquímicos de salinidad, temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, profundidad y transparencia de la laguna. Los peces fueron recolectados bimensualmente de marzo de 2007 a enero de 2008, en ocho estaciones de muestreo con una red de arrastre camaronera. Se evaluaron diferencias significativas espacio-temporales de diversidad, riqueza, equitatividad, densidad, biomasa y peso promedio, mediante análisis de varianza. Se realizó análisis de correspondencias canónicas (ACC) para determinar las asociaciones de peces y su correlación con los factores ambientales del sistema. Se recolectaron 737 individuos con peso total de 19 081.90 g. Se identificaron 19 familias, 23 géneros y 34 especies, 12 de las cuales fueron nuevos registros para la laguna. Cuatro especies fueron dominantes en el sistema. Los parámetros comunitarios mostraron relación con los gradientes ambientales y las temporadas climáticas. La diversidad fue más alta en mayo (H´ = 2.36) y enero (H´ = 2.48) y la densidad en julio (0.018 ind./m2). El ACC mostró que la composición y distribución espacio-temporal de la comunidad de peces estuvo condicionada por la salinidad, la temperatura, el oxígeno disuelto y la profundidad. El conocimiento de la estructura comunitaria, las funciones biológicas de los peces y su interacción con los factores ambientales de esta laguna es relevante, ya que no se han desarrollado estudios continuos en este sistema.
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