Abstarct:Purpose: The main objective of this article was to determine the technical efficiency of Polish dairy farms in 2008-2017, taking into account the dependence on the herd size, the milk yield of cows and the effects of scale. Design/Methodology/Approach: The non-parametric DEA method based on the concept of border efficiency was used to assess technical efficiency. The research uses models assuming constant (CCR) and variable returns to scale (BCC). The source of the data was information collected by the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in Poland. Data came from farms specializing dairying (type 45), with more than 15 cows. Findings: The results of the conducted research indicate a higher share of efficient farms using the model assuming variable returns to scale. The average efficiency ratio increased along with the increase in the size of the herd of cows and the improvement in the milk yields of cows. Practical Implications: The results of this study will be used to determine rationally the combination of inputs in dairy production. The result of these activities is an increase of efficiency and the use of economies of scale. The article clearly presents among which farm groups exists the lowest efficiency (cow herd size and milk yield). Originality/Value: The study fills a gap in approach methods to conducting research on dairy farm efficiency. On the one hand, the value of the article is built by the size of observation field, on the otherdairy farms classification by cow herd size and milk yield.
The economic viability of dairy farms is a measure of their ability to survive and grow. Its measurement is particularly important in periods of changes taking place in the environment of these entities. The last decade of the European dairy market was characterized by significant changes in regulations, which resulted in fluctuations in farm gate milk prices and, consequently, impacts on farm income. The main objective of the research was to assess the economic viability of dairy farms located in the European Union. The research area covered the countries that have the most raw cows’ milk delivered to dairies in the EU, and FADN data from 2009 to 2018. A comparative analysis was carried out on the level of temporal viability and permanent viability of farms classified by economic size. The research results showed that better temporal viability was achieved by farms with a larger production scale. On the other hand, the permanent economic viability was lower on farms belonging to a higher economic size class. Most of the analyzed groups of farms were in the survival phase. This means that dairy farms struggled to meet the costs of unpaid labor. Including direct payments in the calculation resulted in an improvement in temporal viability only in farms with the lowest economic size classes.
One of the major determinants of the economic results and the farm management is the production system. Exception in this area are not the farms which are located on the European Union. Factors affecting this situation are origin of calves used for fattening and the way of breeding beef cattle. The aim of this paper is to indicate the differences in production costs and income of farms in different beef production systems. The analysis used data from the agri benchmark Beef and Sheep network. The results shows that there is a dependence between beef production costs and the production systems. However, taking into farm profitability measured in net cash farm income, it cannot be indicate that the cow-calf farms are higher profitability than the farms based on cattle from dairy production.Słowa kluczowe: dochód, gospodarstwa typowe, koszty produkcji żywca wołowego.
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