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Jezioro Lake is the only natural lake in southern Poland outside mountainous areas to have existed continuously since the Pleistocene. The record of environmental change in the Late Vistulian (Weichselian) and Holocene is preserved in the deposits and landforms around the lake. This paper presents the results of paleogeographical and paleoecological research that emabled us to reconstruct the history of the Jezioro Lake. At the end of the Vistulian period, the outlet of the lake was blocked by a parabolic dune moving in from the west. Limnic sedimentation was evident in the sediment core at all levels from the Holocene, with remains of Cladocera, Chironomidae larvae, and aquatic plants. The lake did not disappear at that time, although its area decreased by a factor of 12 by the end of the period. Paleobotanical research permitted the reconstruction of sequences of plant communities and changes in nutrient status and water level. An initial oligotrophic lake, as indicated by the presence of Isoe¨tes lacustris L., changed to a eutrophic lake, as indicated by the presence of Potamogeton natans L. and Nuphar sp., then the lake progressed to the present-day dystrophic lake that is surrounded by a swamp. The profile of organic deposits contains a record of environmental change at least since the Younger Dryas in southern Poland.

Ekológia (Bratislava) 388 landsCape diversity and Biodiversity of fann mountains (tajikistan) oiMahMad rahMonoV, lESzEk MaJgiEr, WiaczESłaW andrEJczuk, JaroSłaW BanaSzEk, doMinik karkoSz, toMaSz paruSEl, artur SzYMczYk university of Silesia, faculty of Earth Sciences, Bedzinska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, poland; e-mail: oimahmad.rahmonov@us.edu.pl abstract rahmonov o., Majgier l., andrejczuk W., Banaszek J., karkosz d., parusel t., Szymczyk a.: landscape diversity and biodiversity of fann Mountains (tajikistan). Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, no. 4, p. 388-395, 2013.The aim of study is a presentation of main vegetation landscape diversity and biodiversity in case of endemic species in the fann Mountains area, in horizontal and vertical approach. in terms of biodiversity, the high-mountain ecosystems of central asia include the most valuable areas in the world called as hotspot, and also are exposed to intense human pressure causing the destruction of habitats. Vegetation landscapes of fann Mountains are very diverse because of high-mountain character of this area, local climatic conditions, topography and habitats. That differentiation leads up to biodiversity and formation of unique plant landscapes and endemic species. The vegetation landscapes in altitude order are represented by forbs meadow steppe, thymes, swamp, broad-leaf forest, juniper forests, flood-plain small-leaved forest, tugai, light deciduous forest, pistachio, forbs wormwood, almond, rare vegetation with cushion-shaped species, wormwood eurotia, steppe, thorny grasses with shrub-steppe, rocks and taluses with rare vegetation alpine zones. high level of endemism in fann Mountains is connected to natural conditions such as geological structure, relief, high-mountain ranges and climate conditions. This fact has an influence on forming mosaic biotops, often isolated by orographic barriers.Key words: biodiversity, fann Mountains, endemic species, landscape diversity. introduction in terms of biodiversity, the high-mountain ecosystems of central asia belong to the most valuable areas in the world called as hotspot, and are also exposed to intense human pressure which causes the destruction of habitats. Vegetation landscapes of fann Mountains are very divers according to high-mountain character of this area, local climatic conditions, topography and habitats. That differentiation leads up to biodiversity and formation of unique plant communities and endemic species. high level of endemism in fann Mountains is connected to natural conditions such as geological structure, high mountains ranges and climate conditions. This fact has an influence on forming mosaic biotops, often isolated by orographic barriers. a problem of landscapes diversity and biodiversity of this region was mentioned in Vol. 32, no. 4, p. 388-395, 2013Vol. 32, no. 4, p. 388-395, doi:10.2478Vol. 32, no. 4, p. 388-395, /eko-2013 Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/12/18 7:10 AM 389 many works in the last century (zakirov, 1955, 1961 Stanyukovich, 1963; Sidorenko et al., 1964; konnov...

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Peat sediments represent important environmental and climatic archives, as well as recording information on the processes affecting the formation of these deposits; combined these data can be used for paleoreconstruction of peat-bogs. In this paper we characterize heavy mineral-rich sandy layers from two peat-bog sites in Mizerów and Strumień (Poland). In both cases, the most common identified mineral suite is: epidote, staurolite, tourmaline (dravite and schörl), garnet, spinel, Al2SiO5 polymorphs (sillimanite, kyanite, andalusite), amphibole (mainly hornblende), pyroxene (e.g., richterite, diopside), perovskite, topaz, cordierite, apatite, monazite, chromite, ilmenite, chlorite, iron oxides, rutile and siderite. This mineral suite is characteristic of a metamorphic aureole surrounding a magmatic body. Pyrite is likely authigenic in origin. Apatite and monazite were employed for U-Pb and CHIME dating, respectively. Based on the U-Pb age information composition and textural features of selected minerals, different provenance areas were indicated: the Tatra Massif, the Bohemian Massif, and the Silesian Basin area. Transport of the investigated mineral phases was linked to development of both the Odra (praOdra) and the Vistula valleys.

The environmental variability during the Mazovian/Holsteinian interglacial is better understood thanks to the results of multidisciplinary palaeobotanical studies. The perfectly preserved and abundant material from Nowiny Żukowskie in SE Poland has been the subject of numerous palaeobotanical analyses. The results both of initial pollen analysis and of the examination of plant macroremains provide a detailed view of changes in the palaeoenvironment of this area during the Mazovian/Holsteinian interglacial. Originally, the water basin was mostly the habitat of plants indicative of low trophy. The frequent occurence of swamp plants evidences a change in hydrological and climatic conditions consistent with the intra-interglacial climatic oscillation. In the subsequent part of the optimum, an expansion of swamps with Aracites interglacialis and Dulichium arundinaceum was recorded. The development of a peat bog overgrown by i.a. Sphagnum sp., Eriophorum vaginatum, and Andromeda polifolia was also observed. The growth of swamp and peat vegetation resulted in the nearly complete disappearance of aquatic vegetation, apart from species typical of the climatic optimum of the Mazovian/Holsteinian interglacial: Brasenia borysthenica and Aldrovanda dokturovskyi. The close of the interglacial was marked by the intensive development of peat bog and swamp communities with Carex rostrata, Menyanthes trifoliata, and A. interglacialis. The intensive increase in the number of A. interglacialis during the period described as the “birch oscillation” supports the hypothesis of noticeable changes in hydrological conditions at that time. The end of the described period is typified by a deterioration of climatic conditions, indicated by the increase in values for Betula humilis, B. nana, and Juniperus communis.

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