Holistic viewpoints in the study of personality involve the study of the organism as a whole with realistic emphasis on constitutional factors in development. American psychology has largely neglected constitutional approaches to personality because of the popularity of Behaviorism and objective psychology. The purpose of this paper has been to stress the importance of constitutional psychology and to present a system of constitutional analysis with practical diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications. The significance for clinical psychology of the biological facts conveniently described by the concept of constitutional inadequacy is that no complete understanding of any individual organism is possible without objectively measuring and evaluating constitutional status. This implies more than classification according to constitutional type and should involve a comprehensive evaluation of all constitutional factors which may exert a determining effect upon adjustment. and Clinical psychology on a mass scale in beginning during this war. Its achievethe United States Armv had a verv late ments have nevertheless been noteworthy and have been accepted and re-* Since separation from military service, Jules D. Holzberg is with the psychological laboraTeicher and Joseph L. Taylor are with the Vetera-Administration. spected by the psychiatric profession. tories at Connecticut State Hospital; Arthur One of the early programs of clinical psychological services was developed at
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