Abnormalitiesof development, 44.(See also under each part.) Accessory obturator nerve, 437. Accessory processes of vertebrae, 64. Accessory supra renals, 403. Accessory thyroid bodies, 264. Acetabulum, 443.
HOW MITCIIELL nA4NKS CLIl!!E TO LIVERPOOL.-It came about in the !-ear 18G9 that Edward Rickersteth, Senior Surgeon to the Liverpool Royal Infirmary, wrote to his old friend and tcacher James Syme, Professor of Clinical Surgery in the University of Edinburgh, about two matters which ha;-e a particular interest for us on this occa.;ion. In the first place he tells Syme that " he is a firm disciple in the antiseptic theories and practice", a d is "lost in wonder and admiration a t this great discovery",1 from which we see that the Senior Surgeon of Liverpool. age 41, had been keeping a close eye on the doings of Syme'.; son-in-law, Joseph Lister, in the Royal Infirmary of Glasgow. In the secoud place Rickersteth tells Syme that he needs an assistant. Thus it came about that William Mitchell Ranks, age 27, strong in brain and limb, Edinburgh born and bred, hut of Liverpool origin on his mother's side, took up his abode in the city which mas destined to become the scene of his professional, social, and public achievements. H e came to kis new home just as the Listerian revolution was breaking. In this movement Mitchell Ranks became a standard-bearer. H e quickly realized that Lister had opened every region of the human body to surgical enterprise.HIS TRAINING AS AN AssIsTam.-There is another published letter which throws light on the kind of surgical recruit which Liverpool had thus added to its medical servicc. T t is a letter written by Sir William Mitchell Banks in 1905-the year before his sudden death a t the age of 62-to that splendid Lancastrian, Sir William Turner, Principal of the University of Edinburgh, but who, when Mitchell Ranks commenced the study of medicine in the autumn of 1859, was senior demonstrator in the dissecting room of Edinburgh University. " I can remember as vividly as possible the day I first saw YOU, in that terrible old dissecting room a t the top of the long stairs. I see John Arthur, with white beard, and spectacles on nose, and a note-booli and pencil in h a n d ; I see Stirling with his apron on, peering into a microscope; Cleland is a t a desk in a small room off thc bone-room ; Wilson is warming his back at the fire. You are taking names for 'parts' in a blue serge blouse and with a black velvet cap on your head. I even see that astounding fiend the porter, carrying a body on his back down to the lecture-room. And now you are Principal of the University and covered with distinction^."^ Here we have more than a vigorous vignette of his studenthood ; we realize that in force, ease, and clearness of expression Mitchell Banks rivalled John Hilton, while behind it all is marked that passionate love of the past which many Scots have, and a warmth of heart peculiar to himself, which was one of the great assets of his life. * A statement made to the lecturer by Professor Rushton Parker. t After this lecture was set up, I obtained a copy of a valuable semi-autobiographical address given by Sir William Mitchell Banks to the Anatomical Society of the University of Liverpool in 1904, the year ...
Soon after the introduction of Roentgei, rays in 1895 1 used the method of trgnsillumination to study the action of the -crura of the diaphragm. I could not see lhow it was possible for the crural parts of the diaphragm to contract without acting directly on the heart and roots of the lungs, because the. pericardium links the middle part of thje diaphragm to both of these structures. I found that it did act directly on them. In the course of my investigations I was led to study the exact attachment of the musculature of the auricles to the pericardium, and thus indirectly to the diaphragm. That led me on to investigate other points in the musculature of the heart. In the course of these investigations I had noted the fine tendon-like structures in the left and also in the right ventricle. I never investigated them; I supposed them to be, as otlher anatomists had supposed them to be, means for preventing over-dilatation of the ventricles.In 1906 Tawara, a Japanese, working in tlhe laboratory of Professor Asclloff, discovered that tllese tendonlike structures were the arborescences of a muscular truink wbichl commenced in the region of the auricles a id descended on each side-of the interventricular septum towards the apex of the heart. Tawara explained the presence of the bundle and its branches by supposing that they formed a system for conducting anddistributing impulses from the auricles to the ventricles of the heart.
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