X-rays from a rotating Cu anode x-ray tube have been scattered from liquid helium at angles up to 5 degrees in the temperature range from 1.5°K to 4.2 °K. The helium was contained in a thin-walled aluminum tube enclosed in a metal cryostat with beryllium windows. The liquid structure factor obtained experimentally, agreed well with the theoretical zero-angle liquid structure factor between 3°K and 4.2 °K. Below about 2°K, the observed value of the zero-angle structure factor is larger than the theoretical value by an amount believed to be outside the experimental error. Angular distributions at 4.2 °K are typical of liquid scattering patterns near the critical point. No scattering anomaly was observed near the X point.
The purpose of this study was to apply a benchmarking methodology to identify the most effective approaches used by long-term care facilities in implementing new computerized resident assessment instrument/minimum data set (RAI/MDS) systems and to develop implementation protocols based on these "best practices." Site visits were conducted with 3 long-term care facilities, selected on the basis of a national search. Facility directors, directors of nursing, information system managers, and frontline staff at each facility were targeted, and questionnaires were developed for each to assess factors viewed as important to successful implementation. A convergence was found in recommended action steps reported across sites to facilitate introduction and implementation of new RAI/MDS software. An example of how benchmarking results were used to develop an implementation plan is provided. Benchmarking provided a useful methodology for identifying best practices to guide implementation planing for adoption of a new computerized RAI/MDS system in the current trial. The benchmarking steps described are replicable and can be used to guide implementation of other new systems in the nursing home setting.
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