BACKGROUND: Ballet is a high-performance activity that requires an advanced level of
technical skills. Ballet places great stress on tendons, muscles, bones, and
joints and may act directly as a trigger of injury by overuse. OBJECTIVES: 1) to describe the main types of injuries and affected areas related to classical
ballet and 2) to compare the frequency of musculoskeletal injuries among
professional and non-professional ballet dancers, considering possible gender
differences among the professional dancers. METHOD: A total of 110 questionnaires were answered by professional and non-professional
dancers. The questionnaire contained items related to the presence of injury, the
regions involved, and the mechanism of the injury. RESULTS: We observed a high frequency of musculoskeletal injuries, with ankle sprains
accounting for 69.8% of injuries in professional dancers and 42.1% in
non-professional dancers. Pirouettes were the most frequent mechanism of injury in
professional dancers, accounting for 67.9% of injuries, whereas in the
non-professional dancers, repetitive movement was the most common mechanism
(28.1%). Ankle sprains occurred in 90% of the women's injuries, and muscle sprains
occurred in 54.5% of the men's injuries. The most frequent injury location was the
ankle joint in both sexes among the professional dancers, with 67.6% in women and
40.9% in men. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of the mechanism of injury and time of practice may contribute
to better therapeutic action aimed at the proper function of the dancers' bodies
and improved performance by these athletes.
1 . The results of transplanting the greater trochanter in 225 "low-friction" arthroplasties of the hip have been examined. 2. Non-union occurred in an average of 7 per cent of cases. 3. When non-union occurred the results still showed improvement. 4. Four different methods of fixation were used, of which that using two wires, crossed in the horizontal and coronal planes, never failed to secure union. 5. Transplantation of the greater trochanter to the best position is only possible if the neck of the femur is shortened or if the centre of motion of the arthroplasty is displaced medially by deepening the acetabulum, or by a combination of both. 6. In the best position the transplanted trochanter considerably improved active abduction against gravity.
The present study investigated differences in postexercise hypotension (PEH) after continuous versus accumulated isocaloric bouts of cycling. Ten pre-hypertensive men, aged 23 to 34 yrs, performed two bouts of cycling at 75% oxygen uptake reserve, with total energy expenditures of 400 kcal per bout. One
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