ZnSe thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by CW-CO2laser evaporation with the various evaporation times and laser power. SEM studies showed that the thicknesses of deposited films were varied from 176 nm to 1824 nm. AFM studies showed that the surface roughnesses were varied from 2.4 nm to 5.1 nm. The structure of deposited films were indicated by XRD technique which the result showed the cubic structure. The average crystallite sizes were calculated from the XRD pattern with ranged between 23.8 nm and 31.7 nm. The transmission spectates were ranged from 250 nm to 900 nm. The values of the optical bandgap energies determined from the absorption spectra were ranged between 2.61 eV and 2.88 eV. This paper presents the simple and low cost technique for ZnSe film deposition. Another advantage of this research is the high-precision control of thickness by the variation of the evaporation time and laser power.
Multilayer poly (3-hexylthiophene)-CNT/C60 thin films on ITO glass substrate was fabricated regarding to the function of each layer. Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is used as a donor layer and fullerene (C60) is used as an acceptor layer of the device. The carbon-nanotube (CNT) is homogeneously mixed in the donor layer to increase charge transportability. The structures of poly (3-hexylthiophene), poly (3-hexylthiophene)-CNT were fabricated in comparison of poly (3-hexylthiophene)-CNT/C60 thin films. The P3HT-CNT bulk heterojunction was deposited on ITO glass substrate by spin coating technique and then the C60 thin film was deposited on the P3HT by thermal evaporating technique. The I-V characteristic of ITO/P3HT-CNT/Al and ITO/P3HT-CNT/C60/Al were investigated in the monochromatic light. The result showed that the ITO/P3HT-CNT/Al structures respond with red and green light, and the ITO/P3HT-CNT/C60/Al structure responds with blue light. The UV absorption was measured and the result was consistence with the I-V characterization.
Solar radiation is one of mains alternative energy, widely used in present day. Measure solar radiation accurately is an essential for planning in application of used. Universities are the places that have used significant of energy all year long. Therefore, long-term measured solar radiation data is important, for understand in both quantity and variation in time period, for application of the alternative energy in future. The main objective of this research is to investigate solar energy potentials of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bongkok, Thailand (Latitude 13.46°N, Longitude 100.31°E). A station for solar radiation was installed at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The main equipment is composed of two parts: 1) a pyranometer from Kipp & Zonen Ltd., model CMP11, and 2) a digital data logger from Measurement Systems Ltd. model DX2000. The pyranometer is permanently installed on the top of a building. The data logger is keeping clean and safe inside the building. To analyze the values of the global solar radiations, the computer source code is written in Interactive Data Language version 6.1 (IDL6.1). The results show the variation of the average hourly global irradiance is about 800-900 W/m2 at 12:00 UTC. The maximum monthly average daily global radiation is 21.5 MJ/m2-day in April. The yearly average daily radiation at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University is found to be 16.55 MJ/m2-day. The information from the monthly and yearly global radiation has relatively high solar energy potentials. Finally, the solar radiation database was also developed for use in solar energy applications in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University and neighbor areas.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.