RESUMOUm experimento foi conduzido no período de dezembro/2005 a julho/2006, no município de Remígio, PB, com o objetivo de se avaliar a ação do biofertilizante supermagro aplicado ao solo após diluição em água, na proporção de 1:4, na ausência e presença de potássio, sobre a produção e nutrição mineral do maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg). O delineamento estatístico foi blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial (5 x 2), sendo cinco doses de biofertilizante (0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 L planta -1 da mistura), na ausência e presença de potássio (K 2 O). O supermagro foi aplicado 30 dias antes e a cada 90 dias após o plantio e o potássio aos 60 dias após o plantio e a cada 60 dias até a colheita. O solo da área experimental é um Cambissolo Húmico Aluminoférrico léptico. Semanalmente, os frutos foram contados e pesados, não só para avaliação da quantidade mas, também, para obtenção de sua produção por planta, massa média de frutos e produtividade; no início da frutificação as plantas estavam adequadamente supridas de N, K, S, B e Zn mas deficientes em P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe e Mn. A massa média de frutos foi superior nas plantas dos tratamentos com supermagro e potássio, porém a produtividade não foi influenciada pela interação supermagro versus potássio.Palavras-chave: Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg., produtividade, insumo orgânico Production and mineral composition of yellow passion fruit in soil with "supermagro" biofertilizer and potassium ABSTRACTAn experiment was carried out during the period from December, 2005 to July, 2006, in municipality of Remígio, Paraíba, Brazil, in order to evaluate the effects of the biofertilizer "supermagro" applied to soil in liquid form diluted in water in a ratio of 1:4, 30 days before and at intervals of 90 days after planting in absence and presence of potassium applied 60 days after planting and every 60 days subsequently until harvest on the production and mineral nutrition of yellow passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.) The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks using the factorial design 5 x 2 referring to biofertilizer levels: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 L plant -1 in absence and presence of potassium at a K 2 O level of 20 g plant -1 . The soil of the experimental area is a Neossoil. The fruits were harvested daily for evaluation of fruit number per plant, mass of fruit, individual production per plant and productivity. The plants in the initial fructification phase were adequately provided with N, K, S, B, and Zn, but they were deficient in P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe and Mn. The mean mass of fruits was superior in plants of the treatments with biofertilizer and potassium, but the interaction biofertilizer "supermagro" versus potassium did not influence plant productivity.
Soil salinity is an important abiotic stress worldwide, and salt-induced oxidative stress can have detrimental effects on the biological nitrogen fixation. We hypothesized that co-inoculation of cowpea plants with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth-promoting bacteria would minimize the deleterious effects of salt stress via the induction of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative protection. To test our hypothesis, cowpea seeds were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium or co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth-promoting bacteria and then submitted to salt stress. Afterward, the cowpea nodules were collected, and the levels of hydrogen peroxide; lipid peroxidation; total, reduced and oxidized forms of ascorbate and glutathione; and superoxide dismutase, catalase and phenol peroxidase activities were evaluated. The sodium and potassium ion concentrations were measured in shoot samples. Cowpea plants did not present significant differences in sodium and potassium levels when grown under non-saline conditions, but sodium content was strongly increased under salt stress conditions. Under non-saline and salt stress conditions, plants co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and Actinomadura or co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and Paenibacillus graminis showed lower hydrogen peroxide content in their nodules, whereas lipid peroxidation was increased by 31% in plants that were subjected to salt stress. Furthermore, cowpea nodules co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth-promoting bacteria and exposed to salt stress displayed significant alterations in the total, reduced and oxidized forms of ascorbate and glutathione. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth-promoting bacteria induced increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and phenol peroxidase activities in the nodules of cowpea plants exposed to salt stress. The catalase activity in plants co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces was 55% greater than in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium alone, and this value was remarkably greater than that in the other treatments. These results reinforce the beneficial effects of plant growth-promoting bacteria on the antioxidant system that detoxifies reactive oxygen species. We concluded that the combination of Bradyrhizobium and plant growth-promoting bacteria induces positive responses for coping with salt-induced oxidative stress in cowpea nodules, mainly in plants co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and P. graminis or co-inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and Bacillus.
Substratos alternativos, além de permitirem a produção de mudas de qualidade, reduzem os custos de produção. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a produção de mudas de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) utilizando misturas de casca de arroz carbonizada e húmus de minhoca com diferentes doses de SulPoMag®. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas instalações da HortiAgro Sementes Ltda, em Ijaci (MG). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos 1: 70% de húmus de minhoca (HM) e 30% de casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC), adicionados de 12,2 g de fosfato de Arad (FA) por litro da mistura, e tratamentos 2, 3 e 4: com as mesmas quantidades de HM, CAC, e FA, adicionadas, respectivamente, de 2,0; 4,0 e 8,0 g de SulPoMag®. Como testemunha utilizou-se o substrato comercial Bioplant®. Avaliaram-se as características de massa fresca de parte aérea (MFPA) e raiz (MFRZ); massa seca de parte aérea (MSPA) e raiz (MSRZ); teor de matéria seca de parte aérea (TMSPA) e raiz (TMSRZ) e condutividade elétrica (CE em dS m-1) dos substratos. O substrato comercial e o tratamento 1 apresentaram maiores valores de MFPA e MSPA. Os outros tratamentos, independentemente das doses de SulPoMag®, não diferiram entre si para MFPA. Para MSPA, o comportamento foi o mesmo, à exceção do tratamento 3, que foi semelhante ao tratamento 1 e ao substrato comercial. O aumento das doses de SulPoMag® resultou em uma elevação da condutividade elétrica para todos os tratamentos de forma linear. A produção de mudas de alface semelhante àquela obtida com o substrato comercial é viável, utilizando-se matéria prima obtida na propriedade. A produção de MFPA foi afetada negativamente pela adição de SulPoMag® ao substrato.
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