Pandemics affect the performance of almost all firms globally. COVID-19, which is considered a pandemic, has disturbed firms worldwide but this impact is more intense on small and medium-sized firms. This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the growth performance of majorly export-oriented firms in Pakistan. We surveyed 400 local and exporting firms in Pakistan using random sampling technique. We examined the firm’s growth using the structural equation modeling technique and identified that firm’s finances are not affected much during the pandemic but it has impacted the firm’s operations, supply chains, and labor retention. We further observed that firms ‘efforts in improving their online presence have improved during the pandemic which shows people can change their business strategies according to the changing contingencies. Technology adoption proved one of the dominant strategies for survival under pandemic. We have shared some approaches and policies for curtailing the impact of COVID-19 and improving the firm’s situation.
In the wake of global competition with greater economic and regional integration, a country's economic growth is largely determined by industrial efficiency. Operating and staying within market under cut throat competition appears as an unprecedented challenge for exporting and non-exporting firms. A data of 403 firms from World Bank Enterprise Survey 2013 is used for estimation of technical and scale efficiencies between and within exporting and non-exporting firms. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied for constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) efficiency scores. It has been found that the average technical efficiency scores for non-exporting firms is slightly greater than the exporting firms. But majority of the firm's technical efficiency remained the same for both type of firms. Industries with highest technical efficiency comprise of chemicals, food, garments and non-metals. Efficiency scores of some firms depict interesting results and found efficient in either of exporting and non-exporting firms. The efficiency analysis can help to identify potential changes which industry may require for its consistent growth in current surge of global competition and nationalization.
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