The present research was carried out to analysis the heritability and correlation in 24 Bt and nonBt cotton genotypes for yield, yield related and fiber traits, including plant height (cm), first sympodial node number, first effective boll node number, sympodial branches plant -1 , bolls plant -1 , boll weight (g), seed index (g), micronaire value (µg/inch), staple length (mm), ginning outturn percentage and seed cotton yield plant -1 (g). The results exhibited that genotypes differed significantly at P ≤0.01 for all the traits studied. It indicates that the significant genetic diversity among the genotypes for further evaluation. High heritability estimates in broad sense was found for most of the studied traits except 1 st effective boll node number, which displayed moderate heritability estimates. High heritability values for majority of the traits suggested that the variation observed was mainly under genetic control and was less affected by environmental factors, referring the influence of additive gene action for most of the studied traits. Hence, the improvement of these traits can be made through direct phenotypic selection. Among the recorded traits, only four traits i.e. 1 st effective boll node number, sympodial branches plant -1 , bolls plant -1 and ginning outturn percentage developed a significant and positive associations with seed cotton yield plant -1 . Thus, selection for these traits will assist in selecting genotypes with greater seed cotton yield plant -1 .
Nitrogen (N) fertilization at higher rates enhances the yield of crop plants; however, overuse of N in cultivation of crop not only decreased Nitrogen Use Efficiency of crop plants but caused severe environmental pollution. Hence, the optimum use of N is perquisite for sustainable development of Agriculture. This study was carried out during 2016, to evaluate the effect of various nitrogen applications on the economic performance of muskmelon. This research work was laid out at experimental site of Horticulture orchard SAU Tandojam with three replications in RCBD. The growth and yield performance of muskmelon was assessed by using six nitrogen (N) levels viz; 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1. Two varieties including Chandny and golden tumbro were used in the current study.The result showed that effect of different nitrogen doses on the economic important parameters of muskmelon was significant (P
Crop yield is the resultant product of components character which is not under the control of any single gene, therefore it is necessary for plant breeder to know the relationship between two traits. The present research was conducted to calculate the correlation and regression for yield and yield contributing traits in mutant population of bread wheat. The experiment was conducted at Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, during rabi season 2015-2016, in split plot design with three replications. Material under study was two wheat varieties (T.D-1 and ESW-9525). These two wheat varieties were evaluated along with control for yield and yield associated traits under normal field conditions. Mean square showed that there were significant differences between wheat varieties for days to 75% heading, days to 75% maturity, plant height (cm), spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, 1000 grain weight (g), biological yield plant-1 (g), harvest index (%), spike length (cm) and grain yield plant-1 (g). Number of grains spike-1 showed positive and highly significant correlation with spike length, spikelets spike-1, 1000 grain weight and biological yield of plant-1. Significant and positive with days to 75% maturity and harvest index. However, negative correlation was found with height of plant and non-significant but negative with the trait of days to 75% heading. Grain yield plant-1 showed highly positive highly significant association with grains spike-1, number of spikelets spike-1, length of spike, harvest index and biological yield plant-1 and negative with plant height. Approximately 85.9%, 65.2%, 59% and 24.3% variation in grain yield plant-1 is due to grains spike-1, biological yield plant-1, harvest seed index and height of plant, respectively. This shows that taller plants produce lesser grain yield.
Nitrogen (N) fertilization at optimum quantity to cultivated plants is essential for sustainable crop productivity. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and yield traits of tomato during 2016, at the experimental field of Orchard, | department of Horticulture, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. Six nitrogen treatment doses were tested (T1 =control (untreated), T2 = 30 N kg ha-1, T3 = 60 N kg ha-1, T4 = 90 N kg ha-1, T5 = 120 N kg ha-1 and T6 = 150 N kg ha-1.). The data were recorded on the number of branches plant-1, days to flowering, days to fruiting, number of fruits plant-1, weight of single fruit (g), yield plot-1 and yield ha-1 (tons). The results demonstrated that N fertilization showed significant influence on both vegetative and reproductive traits of tomato. On the contrary, plants which were not fertilized with N displayed minimum values for all investigated traits. The highest N level (150 kg ha-1) showed maximum number of branches (5.51) plant-1, minimum day to flowering (42.43) less days to fruiting (46.00), more fruits plant-1 (31.00) maximum weight of single fruit (46.50 g) and highest fruit yield plot-1 (21.01 kg) and per hectare (14008 tons), respectively. It was concluded that the crop growth and productivity was significantly influenced by various levels of nitrogen. However, 150 N kg ha-1 as compared to 120 N and other concentrations considerably displayed better performance in terms of vegetative and reproductive traits of tomato. Hence for optimum growth and economically higher yield, the tomato crop may be fertilized with 150 N kg ha-1.
The present research was conducted to evaluate the M2 wheat mutant population for yield and its contributing traits. The experiment was conducted at Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam, during rabi season 2015-2016, in split plot design with three replications. Two wheat varieties (T. D-1 and ESW-9525) were treated with different levelsof gamma rays (150Gy, 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy and control) from NIMRA (Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy), Jamshoro. The mutated plants were evaluated along with parental lines (control) for yield and its contributing traits under field conditions. Genetic parameters viz., mean performance, were calculated such as days to 75 % heading, days to 75 % maturity, plant height (cm), spikelets spike-1 and spike length (cm). Mean square showed that there were significant differences between wheat varieties for days to 75% heading, days to 75% maturity, plant height (cm), spikelets spike-1 and spike length (cm) treatments of gamma radiation caused significant variation in all the traits studied. The interaction between treatments × varieties showed highly significant differences for the entire traits indicating that varieties responded differently for radiation treatments. Mean performance forspike length indicated that the longer spike (11.52 cm) was observed in T.D-1 at treatment four (T4=250 Gy) and treatment two (150 Gy) in ESW-9525 . Whereas, the shortest spike (10. 83 cm) wasobserved in the variety T.D-1 under control. The results regarding maximum mean performance ofspikelets spike-1 (24. 74) were recorded in ESW-9525 under treatment five at 300 Gy whereas the minimumvalue forspikelets spike-1 (18.76) were observed in T.D-1 under T1 (18.76) at 0 Gy and T4 at 250 Gy.
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