Aim: According to the Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, cardiovascular disorders remain one of the most important for firefighters and rescuers: during a 20-year monitoring period the rate for IX class diseases has changed from 19.5% to 29% with a constant increase in days away from work among firefighters. Arterial hypertension is in the leading place among cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the issue of the early diagnosis of these disorders remains relevant. The article deals with describing a psychophysiological model of stress-induced cardiovascular disorders risk development in various categories of professional expertise for firefighters. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of heart rate variability index, pulse wave velocity, rheoencephalography is conducted.146 respondents were examined: 81 cadets of the 1st, 3rd and 5th years of study in 3 categories of professional expertise (average age 20 ± 1.64 years) and 65 males, aged from 20 to 50 years (average age 24.7 ± 5 years). The recording of HRV and PWV data was carried out using VNS-Micro and Poly-Spectrum 8 (Neurosoft Ltd.) computer systems. The results were processed with the standard methods of non-parametric statistics. Categories of professional expertise were determined by standard methods, according to the order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry. Results. Personnel of the 1st and 3rd categories of professional expertise are characterized by the optimal heart rate regulation; they are better adapted to the effects of professional extreme factors and have a good level of adaptive reserves of the body. Cadets of the 2nd category of professional expertise are more at risk of maladaptive cardiovascular disorders. A critical period for the formation of stress-related disorders is the work experience of 5 to 10 years. Conclusion. The described model of cardiovascular disorders development risk allows us to make suggestions for improving the system of medical and psychological support, as well as the professional selection system, for firefighters depending on the category of professional expertise.
Background . Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant lymphoproliferative B-cell disease characterization by clonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow and beyond its borders. Currently, a wide range of cytogenetic anomalies and molecular-biological parameters are studied as prognostic factors.Objective: a comparative study of the frequency, features and clinical significance of chromosomal abnormalities in MM by conventional cytogenetic and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) methods.Materials and methods . 77 patients with MM, which admitted in N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, were included in the study from 2016 to 2017.Results . Chromosomal alterations were detected only in one case (1/77) by conventional cytogenetic method G-banding. However cytogenetic aberrations were revealed in 26 % of cases (20/77) using FISH. Deletions of different regions of chromosomes, indicating the possible presence of a hypodiploid clone or loss of some regions, were found in one patient in the second FISH analysis after 6 months. In the cohort of patients with chromosomal abnormalities (n = 20) a partial trisomy 11q, a deletion of the region q32 of the chromosome 14, a translocation t(4;14)(p16;q32) and IGHV gene rearrangement were determined in 30 % (6/20) as sole anomalies. Two or more cytogenetic aberrations were identified in the remaining 14 patients. Our study confirms that chromosomal abnormalities are more likely detected at later stages of MM (IA и IIA – 0 %, IIIA и IIIВ – 27 and 47 % respectively).Conclusion . FISH allows to detect chromosomal changes in tumor plasma cells regardless of the mitosis phase. In MM, it becomes particularly important in connection with low proliferative activity of plasma cells. Additionally, in the fourth of MM patients in the study submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations were discovered using FISH. The improvement of the probe panel and the widespread use of locus specific FISH don’t replace G-banding that allows to see damages of all chromosomes at once.
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