Kepentingan nasional-atau dalam ungkapan Prancis yaitu raison d'État-adalah tujuandan ambisi negara, baik ekonomi, militer, atau budaya. Menurut aliran arus utama dalam Studi Hubungan Internasional, konsep ini penting sebagai dasar bagi negara dalam melakukan hubungan internasional. Argumentasi Machiaveli mengenai kepentinga n nasional banyak dirujuk dalam praktik maupun pengembangan teoretis, sebagai pembenaran bagi perilaku internasional negara yang mengabaikan kepentingan utama pada masa purba sebelumnya, yaitu agama dan moralitas. Negara diturunkan dari tatanan ilahi dan tunduk pada kebutuhan khususnya sendiri, yaitu kepentingan nasional.Kepentingan nasional sangat erat kaitannya dengan power negara sebagai tujuan maupun instrumen, khususnya yang bersifat destruktif (hard power). Ketika kepentingan nasional bertujuan untuk mengejar power dan power dipergunakan sebagai instrumen untuk mencapai kepentingan nasional, maka konsekuensinya dalam sistem internasional yang dipersepsikan anarki-kecuali kekuasaannya sendiri-adalah kompetisi, kemuncula n perimbangan kekuasaan, konflik dan perang Praktik sejarah yang mengutamakan kepentingan nasional beserta konsekuensinya, dapat ditelusuri melalui kisah hubungan internasional yang bersifat kompetitif dan konfliktual selama berabad-abad, khususnya di Eropa. Seperti, PerangTiga Puluh Tahun, perang-perang perimbangan kepentingan nasional, Perang-perang Dunia, Perang Dingin, sampai praktik kolonisasi berbasis merkantilisme (kepentinga n
The study of Jeje-Adang's capital relations in Pangandaran Regency election aims to analyze the influence of one capital to other capital ownership process which ultimately plays a role in winning political contestation. This study uses qualitative approach with descriptive method through field studies by means of interviews, documentation, and literature studies. The study results indicate a relationship between political capital, economic capital, and Jeje-Adang's social capital in local election of Pangandaran Regency. In this relation, the utilization of social capital contributes to the acquisition of Jeje-Adang's political and economic capital. Enhancement of the pair's social capital is due to the use of political capital through their involvement in politics and government and the utilization of economic capital as entrepreneurs prior to the election. Thus, the relationship between political capital, social capital, and economic capital of Jeje-Adang is contributed to their winning in Pangandaran Regency election.
Purpose: The article aims to analyze human security issues in the Citarum river basin, Indonesia, by taking the threat of flood in the Majalaya District as a case study. As the case has been increasing in recent years, wave the flood has become an inevitable source of fear for people living in the Citarum river basin in the rainy season. Environmental pollution due to massive industrialization, land function change, especially in the upstream area, and the absence of proper disaster mitigation from local government are problematized in this research. Methodology: Using the Human Security point of view, the article tries to show people’s perspectives in defining security and overcoming threats, especially relating to flood in the Citarum river basin. As for the method, the research uses a qualitative approach with a study case as an analytical strategy. We interviewed some informants who live in Majalaya District and found secondary data from the government’s and society’s documents and analyze it by using the Human Security approach. Principal Findings: This article shows how the society’s recognition and feeling on the environmental threat and organizes a limited community-based disaster mitigation system, which is called the ‘JagaBalai’ community, as an effort to build internal resilience and to overcome the risk and fear coming from the flood. Implications/Applications: The findings of this research contribute to the literature on Human Security concerns, especially those related to its elements of freedom of fear related to natural disasters or any other environmental issues. Novelty/Originality of this study: The current study fills the gap in the existing body of literature by analyzing the dynamics between an individual’s perspective and the state as a source of security in the Majalaya District, Indonesia, by using Human Security approach. This approach can be useful to describe the degree of disaster victims’ perceptions of fear and security and their relationship to government policies.
Isu keamanan internasional senantiasa meramaikan Kajian Hubungan Internasional. Sebagai salah satu bidang kajian utama, konsep keamanan dalam Kajian KeamananInternasional mengalami perkembangan genealogisnya melalui perdebatan-perdebatan, dari keamanan yang bersifat tradisional (politik-militeristik) sampai nirtradisional (manusiawi dan alternatif) oleh para intelektual Hubungan Internasional. Konteks historis penting yang berlaku pada ruang dan masanya turut melahirkan secara kritis teks keamanan. Teks-teks keamanan tradisional yang berlaku pada masa Perang Dunia I, Perang Dunia II, dan Perang Dingin dengan batasan keamanan yang memfokuskan pada negara sebagai aktor kunci keamanan (pivotal player), sumber ancaman sekaligus pencipta stabilitas keamanan, mengalami anomali (changes and challenges).Pada pasca Perang Dingin dan era berikutnya, paradigma keamanan tradisional tergoyahkan oleh kemunculan fenomena ancaman keamanan lain yang berbeda dan tak dapat diabaikan. Fenomena tersebut, meliputi: konflik intranegar: konflik antaretnik, antaragama dan bahkan perang saudara; arus pengungsi dan migrasi ilegal; dan terorisme serta kejahatan transnasional. Fenomena lainnya adalah kejatuhan ekonomi, degradasi lingkungan serta penjaminan terhadap kebebasan dan rasa aman. Teks-teks keamanan nirtradisional kemudian muncul sebagai penantang dan alternatif dengan membawa asumsi bahwa ruang lingkup keamanan lebih luas daripada masalah keamanan negara dan militer semata, bahkan meluas sampai pada proses pencapaian emansipasi manusia sebagai individu dan anggota kelompok (aktor nirnegara) dari keterbatasan fisik dan
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