Background: The hilly areas of Uttarakhand embraces a large heirloom awareness of traditional medicinal plants. In Uttarakhand, medical facilities are very less in number. Due to unavailability of modern health facilities, poverty, connectivity with urban centre, awareness, etc people in hilly and rural areas are still depend on traditional medicines for their health care. Some of the communities are using wild plant parts for healthcare. Methods: Thus, a study was conducted to document the ethno-medicinal plants used traditionally in Munsyari tehsil of Pithoragadh District of Uttarakhand. Out of 219 villages under tehsil Munsyari, total five villages viz; Basari, Chhija, Diya Palla, Kheta, Kutima were selected purposively. Participatory Rural Appraisal, Group Discussion techniques were used to document the medicinal plants. Result: These medicinal plants are highly valuable and appropriate for economic upliftment of the region. People are dependent upon food, fruits, fodder and medicinal plants for their healthcare. Hilly people use these traditionally available medicinal plants for health and believe that these are easily available, less expensive and have no side effects as compare to modern medicine. Present scenario as deforestation, tourism affects medicinal plants. Thus, conservation of these species is necessary. Proper policies should be needed to conserve the forests and medicinal plants.
Mushroom demand has huge growth all over the World due to its nutritional and medicinal qualities. In order to identify the constraints in mushroom cultivation, a study was undertaken in Nainital District of Uttarakhand state. A total of 100 respondents from Nanital district of Uttarakhand were selected for the study. Data was collected through telephonic interview. Online Discussion was also organized on Goggle meet. To fi nd out the constraints faced by mushroom cultivators, Garrett’s ranking technique was used. Garrett’s Ranking Technique provides the constraints into numerical scores. The advantage of this technique is that the problems are arranged based on their harshness from the point of view of respondents. Data was collected through telephonic interview. The study reveals that majority of respondents were middle age group and educated up to medium level. All the respondents were using mobile phone and television for taking the information. Majority of respondents were using WhatsApp and You tube as social media. Majority of respondents (45%) were using fresh spawn and recommended seed rate (44%) and purchasing spawn from Govt Agency (64%). Majority of respondents had medium level of adoption rate in use of wheat straw (56%), Knowledge of Sanitation (67%). The results of constraints analysis revealed that problem of marketing was found as a signifi cant constraint (Score 59.02), followed by lack of transportation facilities (Score 58.88) for mushroom cultivation and lack of technical knowledge (Score 56.99). Therefore, training of farmers on the mushroom cultivation is needed. Financial support from banking institutions on the subsidized rate is also required to set up mushroom units
Mushroom farming is one of the most potent sources of subsidiary income generation for small and landless farmers. The study was conducted in Haldwani and Bhimtal block of Nainital district, Uttarakhand, India. Three villages viz., Bhasani, Gaulaparao and Saungaun were selected randomly. A sample of 120 respondents was selected through purposive sampling method. Data was collected through structured interview schedule. Results revealed that the mushroom growers belonged to middle age group, major proportion of the respondents were educated upto middle school, had joint family and majority of the farmers have medium mushroom farming experience. More than half of the sample population relied on fellow farmers for information and updates regarding agriculture and related topics. Mushroom growers perceived lack of infrastructure as major constraint. Majority of respondents required training on marketing strategies. Results indicated that mushroom farming experience, information seeking behaviour and income through mushroom cultivation were significantly related to training needs of mushroom growers.
Poultry is very important livelihood component for the rural people. For eff ective and effi cient poultry farming latest technologies are needed. In this regards farmer need to be trained. Past researches revealed that poultry farmers are facing many problems due to lack of information, education on many aspects. Thus, training is necessary to transmit the information and change the behavior of rural people towards poultry farming. Keeping this in view, a study was taken up on Training Need Assessment (TNA) of poultry farmers in poultry rearing practices. Present research study was conducted in GBPUA&T, Pantnagar. Total 120 respondents were selected. Descriptive research design was used. It was observed that majority of farmers were middle age group, educated upto Intermediate level having medium family size and belonged to medium income group. Majority of farmers have medium level poultry farming experiences and medium level of mass media exposure and information seeking behavior. Results also revealed that culling and selection of birds, feeding and watering management, bird, meat and egg marketing, incubation and hatching, fi nance and loan facilities, vaccination and preventive measures are some of the perceived training needs of poultry farmers.
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