By the summer of 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic that originated from China became a global pandemic. The restrictive measures that were put in place for protection also affected the economy, which during the first wave of the pandemic came to a halt in almost every country. This paper examines the effect of the pandemic on Hungarian employment rates based on data by Eurostat, in different sectors of the economy and by using the EU-27 average as reference. In addition to complete employment data, we also focused on employees and those who are self-employed. To measure the effects of COVID-19, we contrasted data from the previous three years to data from the first and second quarter of 2020. Our results confirm that the pandemic caused a significant decrease in general employment indexes but did not equally affect the various branches of the economy.
Over recent decades, the practice of human resource management in the transitional countries of Eastern Europe and in Hungary has changed significantly. Especially in local subsidiaries of foreign-owned companies and in the leading domestic large organizations, HRM has become a strategic function, while in the practice of small and medium-sized enterprises it is less common. COVID-19 hit companies, institutions and individuals unexpectedly, not only in Hungary but also in the more developed regions of the world. This crisis has also highlighted the fact that larger and better prepared organizations and public institutions have found it easier to weather this global human catastrophe. We analyze how the key tasks of HRM have changed during the successive waves, along four hypotheses. Initially, health protection, communication and home-office organization were the focus of the work of human resource professionals. In the second and third waves, securing and retaining staff became more important.
Tanulmányunk célja a COVID-19-járvány miatti korlátozások hatásának vizsgálata. Célcsoportunkat a hazai felsőoktatásban tanuló hallgatók jelentik, akiknek megszokott életét a járvány megelőzése érdekében meghozott korlátozó intézkedések egyik napról a másikra gyökeresen megváltoztatták. A szükség miatt sietve bevezetett online oktatás otthonmaradásra, személyes kapcsolataiktól való fizikai távols ágtartásra kényszerítette a hallgatókat. Ennek a helyzetnek a lelki hatásaira fókuszálunk kutatásunkban, amit online kérdőíves módszerrel végeztünk. Az adatok statisztikai feldolgozását követően elemeztük a kapott eredményeket, majd levontuk következtetéseinket.
The COVID-19 outbreak owing to the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus starting from China in 2019 had become a pandemic by the spring of 2020. In the absence of suitably efficacious medicinal products, keeping distance constituted the only means of protection. This is why tertiary education was also stopped in most countries. Institutions closed their buildings and tertiary education was moved to the cyberspace. Changes becoming unexpectedly necessary due to the exigencies had not overall thwarted the expeditious closing of the academic year but presented a multitude of technical, methodological and psychological challenges. These are analysed in our questionnaire survey targeting university officials and academics, focussing on education, research, and lecturer and student mobility. Our findings clearly demonstrate negative effects and cast doubt on the future perspectives of tertiary education as well.
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