Summary Five to seven month‐old calves in a beef cattle herd on a farm in Argentina showed respiratory symptoms and general illness, followed by neurological symptoms. Light and electron microscopical studies revealed a necrotizing inclusion body encephalitis accompanied by a non‐purulent leptomeningitis. Herpesvirus particles were observed within lytic nuclei of neural and glial cells. A cytopathogenic agent from brain tissue was isolated and the virus characterized by indirect fluorescence and serum neutralization tests as bovine herpesvirus 1. Zusammenfassung In einer Fleischrinderherde in Argentinien trat bei 5–7 Monate alten Kälbern eine Erkrankung mit respiratorischen und allgemeinen Störungen auf. In der Folge entwickelten sich neurologische Symptome. Licht‐ und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ergaben als Ursache der Erkrankung eine nekrotisierende Encephalitis und nichteitrige Leptomeningitis. Intranukleäre Einschlußkörperchen enthalten Herpes‐Virus‐Partikel, die sich durch Virusisolierung und fluoreszenzserologisch und serologische Charakterisierung als bovines Herpes‐Virus 1 erwiesen. Résumé Méningoencéphalite provoquée par un virus IBR chez des veaux en Argentine Une maladie avec des troubles respiratoires et généraux est apparue chez des veaux âgés de 5–7 mois dans une exploitation d'angraissement en Argentine. Des symptômes neurologiques se sont développés par la suite. Des recherches au microscope optique et électronique ont fait apparaître une encéphalite nécrosante et une leptoméningite non purulente comme la cause de la maladie. Des inclusions intranucléaires contenaient des particules de virus Herpes qui se sont révélées être du virus Herpes bovin 1 à l'isolement et à la caractérisation par la fluorescence et la sérologie. Resumen Las terneras de 5 a 7 meses de edad de un rebaño bovino de carne en Argentina enfermaron con síntomas respiratorios y generales. A continuación se mostraron síntomas neurológicos. Investigaciones histológicas y por medio del microscopio electrónico revelaron como causa de la enfermedad una encefalitis necrótica y una leptomeningitis no purulenta. Inclusiones nucleares contienen partículas del virus Herpes que resultaron ser virus Herpes bovino 1 por aislamiento directo, caracterización serologica y fluorescencia especifica.

Supercritical CO2 extraction has shown great potential in separating vegetable oils as well as removing undesirable oil residuals from natural products. The influence of process parameters, such as pressure, temperature, mass flow and particle size, on the mass transfer kinetics of different natural products has been studied by many authors. However, few publications have focused on specific features of the raw material (moisture, mechanical pretreatment, bed compressibility, etc.), which could play an important role, particularly in the scale-up of extraction processes. A review of the influence of both process parameters and specific features of the material on oilseed extraction is given in Eggers (1996). Mechanical pretreatment has been commonly used in order to facilitate mass transfer from the material into the supercritical fluid. However, small particle sizes, especially when combined with high moisture contents, may lead to inefficient extraction results. This paper focuses on the problems that appear during scale-up in processes on a lab to pilot or industrial plant scale related to the pretreatment of material, the control of initial water content and vessel shape. Two applications were studied: deoiling of wheat gluten with supercritical carbon dioxide to produce a totally oil-free (< 0.1 % oil) powder (wheat gluten) and the extraction of oil from rose hip seeds. Different ways of pretreating the feed material were successfully tested in order to develop an industrial-scale gluten deoiling process. The influence of shape and size of the fixed bed on the extraction results was also studied. In the case of rose hip seeds, the present work discusses the influence of pretreatment of the seeds prior to the extraction process on extraction kinetics

Fractionation of pigments occurs over time during supercritical extraction of oil from natural matrices containing carotenoids. Paprika powder and paprika oleoresin were extracted using CO 2 at temperatures of up to 80°C and pressures up to 50 MPa. The pigment concentration in the supercritical phase was monitored with an on-line near infrared visible (NIR-VIS) detector. Concentrations of 90 to 200 g/kg total carotenoids were achieved in oleoresin extracted from starting material containing only 1.2 g/kg total carotenoids. The ratio of ß-carotene + free xanthophylls to total carotenoids in the recovered oleoresin diminished from nearly 50% (w/w) at the beginning down to 10% at the end of the extraction. Increased pressure improved kinetics of carotenoid extraction.

RESUMODeterminou-se, por meio de um sistema de monitoramento de suínos em fase de crescimento e em matadouro, a presença de patologias como indicadoras de problemas na população de referência. O estudo foi realizado em uma criação intensiva de ciclo completo, durante nove semanas. Foram determinadas as prevalências dos diagnósticos clínico-patológicos obtidos durante um período de nove semanas. Utilizaram-se cinco grupos de 43 leitões, com pesos de até 19kg, considerados de baixa performance. Estimaram-se, por intervalos de confiança de 95%, as prevalências acumuladas em cada monitoramento. Obteve-se correlação de 0,99 (P<0,0001) entre as prevalências anuais com as nove semanas de estudo, mostrando correspondência com o achado em matadouro. Amostras em semanas alternadas de três grupos de 43 animais são bons indicadores das patologias que afetam os suínos em crescimento, mesmo aquelas de baixa freqüência ou muito letais.Palavras chave: suíno, matadouro, prevalência, diagnóstico clínico-patológico 43, 86, 129, P<0.0001) Ulvesaeter, 1979;Morrison et. al., 1985). A ABSTRACT