This paper deals with fuzzy goal programming approach to solve fuzzy linear bilevel integer programming problems with fuzzy probabilistic constraints following Pareto distribution and Frechet distribution. In the proposed approach a new chance constrained programming methodology is developed from the view point of managing those probabilistic constraints in a hybrid fuzzy environment. A method of defuzzification of fuzzy numbers using α−cut has been adopted to reduce the problem into a linear bilevel integer programming problem. The individual optimal value of the objective of each DM is found in isolation to construct the fuzzy membership goals. Finally, fuzzy goal programming approach is used to achieve maximum degree of each of the membership goals by minimizing under deviational variables in the decision making environment. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, a numerical example is provided.
Background: Enterocutaneous fistulae (ECF) most commonly occurs following intestinal surgery. Spontaneous ECF is a rare entity in infants. Early presentation to the hospital decreases complications.
Case Presentation: A 2.5-month-old infant developed spontaneous ECF below the umbilicus following abdominal wall erythema and abdominal wall abscess. The bowel mucosa prolapsed out on straining efforts. Work-up was uneventful. At operation, the fistula was mobilized, and intestinal continuity was restored. Postoperative recovery was uneventful.
Conclusion: Spontaneous development of ECF is a rare entity in children. Every effort should be made to identify the etiology before labeling it as spontaneous.
Keywords: Enterocutaneous fistula, Necrotizing fasciitis, Primary closure.
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