Wireless localization systems have significant impact in the field of human-driven edge computing (HEC). It became very attractive among the researchers and used in applications of numerous areas such as medical, industrial, public safety, logistics, and so on. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology used in localization systems owing to achieving high accuracy in real-time. In this paper, we exhibit a UWB based localization system based on the edge computing (EC) paradigm to analyze the wandering behavior of the patients who are suffering from dementia disease in the large-scale form. Physical changes in the brain are responsible for dementia disease. The appearance of wandering behavior is a common manner of the patients, which also a threat and interference for caregivers. We used the UWB standard appliance to symbolize various sorts of wandering patterns, including pacing, lapping, and two random movements in the large 2D map. The flow of all the movements illustrated in the X and Y-axis. Support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithms used to classify all the patterns and accuracy result is above 99%. The result shows that the proposed system can achieve high accuracy in classification and satisfactory for applications in the medical area.
Use of wireless signal technology in sensing of human gait activity is a satisfactory example of device‐free sensing and effective in medical science to detect human motion–related diseases. Some prior research showed some potential detecting process of human walking gait from wireless channel information (WCI) using wireless signals. In this paper, we present comparison of three popular features reduction methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using three classifications methods, support vector machine (SVM), k‐nearest neighbor (k‐NN), and decision tree (DT) in an absolutely equivalent situation for identifying walking gait signals. The analysis was carried out on the WCI‐based dataset where dataset was divided into four classes (normal gait, small gait, fast gait, and turn gait). Using dataset with the combination of methods (features reduction and classification), experimental results shows that all the combinations of PCA, KPCA, and LDA with three classifications achieve an average accuracy of gait identification is accordingly 86%, 79%, and 95%.
Estimating ankle joint power can be used to identify gait abnormities, which is usually achieved by employing a complicated biomechanical model using heavy equipment settings. This paper demonstrates deep learning approaches to estimate ankle joint power from two Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors attached at foot and shank. The purpose of this study was to investigate deep learning models in estimating ankle joint power in practical scenarios, in terms of variance in walking speeds, reduced number of extracted features and inter-subject model adaption. IMU data was collected from nine healthy participants during five walking trials at different speeds on a force-plate-instrumented treadmill while an optical motion tracker was used as ground truth. Three state-of-the-art deep neural architectures, namely Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and, fusion of CNN and LSTM (CNN-LSTM), were developed, trained, and evaluated in predicting ankle joint power by extracting few simple, meaningful features. The proposed architectures were found efficient and promising with higher estimation accuracies (correlation coefficient, R > 0.92 and adjusted R-squared value > 83%) and lower errors (mean squared error < 0.06, and mean absolute error < 0.13) in interparticipant evaluations. Performance evaluations among the three deep regressors showed that LSTM performed comparatively better. Lower standard deviations in mean squared error (0.029) and adjusted R-squared value (5.5%) proved the proposed model's efficiency for all participants.
In the past decades, cognitive computing and communication densely used in lots of networking areas. Current improvement in deep learning (DL) and big data analysis create great potential to analyze cognitive intelligence (CI) for many applications such as human activity monitoring and recognition through wireless communication. Cognitive intelligence and wireless communication are using to establish smart healthcare systems. Healthcare monitoring systems turn into interesting research subjects where monitoring post-operative surgical patients are the current focal point to the researcher. In this paper, we argue that deep learning along with the wireless communication technique introduces cognitive intelligence for the healthcare monitoring system. We present a deep learning based convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify image data and a convenient and multi-functional software-defined radio (SDR) platform to detect movement of the ankle of patients who underwent ankle fracture surgery. Capturing wireless channel state information (WCSI) in the presence of the human body and classifying using CNN to observe distinct movements is the key idea of this study. A universal software radio peripheral (USRP) platform used to capture WCSI data and used for classification. AlexNet and ZFNet both are the famous architecture of CNN and used in a parallel way to classify captured WCSI-based images that converted from numeric data. The classification established on the ankles movements after surgery and classification results show that CNN provides satisfying results where test accuracy is 98.98%.
Wireless signal technology performs a key role in the research area of medical science to detect diseases that are associated with the human gesture. Recently, wireless channel information (WCI) has received vast consideration because of its potential practice of detecting the human behavior. In this article, we present the convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify WCI‐based image data and determine the involuntary movement (tic disorder) diseases. Motor and vocal are two aspects of tic disorder and depend on the amount of complication, both aspects classified into the simple and complex group, and each group has several symptoms. Using WCI data of symptoms from the simple and complex group of motor aspects, we form a dataset to train the CNN model. Experimental results show that CNN provides satisfying result in classification, and accuracy is more than 97%.
Multimodal machine learning (MML) is a tempting multidisciplinary research area where heterogeneous data from multiple modalities and machine learning (ML) are combined to solve critical problems. Usually, research works use data from a single modality, such as images, audio, text, and signals. However, real-world issues have become critical now, and handling them using multiple modalities of data instead of a single modality can significantly impact finding solutions. ML algorithms play an essential role by tuning parameters in developing MML models. This paper reviews recent advancements in the challenges of MML, namely: representation, translation, alignment, fusion and co-learning, and presents the gaps and challenges. A systematic literature review (SLR) applied to define the progress and trends on those challenges in the MML domain. In total, 1032 articles were examined in this review to extract features like source, domain, application, modality, etc. This research article will help researchers understand the constant state of MML and navigate the selection of future research directions.
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