International audienceIn this paper, we present an experimental trial involving the use of a complex spatial simulation platform to support a planning decision process in the city of Besançon (eastern France). In medium-sized towns across France, households with children are leaving to settle in periurban areas, and Besançon is no exception. Under those circumstances, the political objective of the Besançon City authority is to keep middle- and high-income households with children within the city. The simulation platform MobiSim was used in this context to explore the possible outcomes of spatial planning policies, set by both the Greater Besançon authority (Besançon and the surrounding periurban communities) and the city of Besançon, on residential migrations over a 20 year period. MobiSim integrates several models representing demographic, social, economic, and spatial processes. Modelled entities are individuals and dwellings. Rules determine how individuals form households. Other rules locate dwellings in buildings
The archeological record of La Roche-à-Pierrot (France) is central to debates on the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. To this day, it is the only site to have provided a relatively complete Neandertal skeleton associated with an industry identified as transitional, the Châtelperronian, which had been attributed until then to Homo sapiens. The site was the subject of several excavation campaigns led by F. Lévêque in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, and ongoing fieldwork resumed in 2013. Spatial representations and statistical analyses of the original excavation data are of invaluable help in assessing the coherence of the first archeological stratigraphy established in the 1970s. A 3D reconstruction of Lévêque's spit record was developed for exploratory purposes, based on reassessment of the faunal collection and completed by information recorded in the excavation notebooks filled out by Lévêque's team. It was then used in order to evaluate the feasibility of modeling the data recorded during the first excavations. Geovisualization tools, associated with appropriate 3D spatial statistics using the Queen contiguity applied to the archeological sequence, such as the similarity and coherence indices, provided an understanding of the spatial inconsistencies in the first archeological sequence, as well as revealed the spatial organization (geometry) of the archeostratigraphic units. The resulting interactive visualization application provides researchers with a new tool to explore the stratigraphic units spatially, as well as according to their indices. Where inconsistencies are observed, use of similarity and coherence indices allows discussion of any biases potentially related to topography, spatial heterogeneity of the deposits (facies), excavation history, or primary data acquisition/recording. Such spatial analyses contribute to a better understanding of site formation processes and provide novel means to explore archival information interactively, as well as to produce models including data from old and new excavations on the same site.
Revue trimestrielle sur l'image géographique et les formes du territoire 128 | 2020 Varia Objets connectés et mobilité urbaine : visualiser les déplacements des usagers de Twitter avec des graphes dynamiques Connected devices and urban mobility: visualizing the trajectories of Twitter users through dynamic graphs Dispositivos electrónicos conectados y movilidad urbana: visualización de los movimientos de los usuarios de Twitter mediante gráficos de flujos dinámicos
<p>Malaria is a widespread, mosquito-borne, potentially lethal infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Its prevention and treatment have been targeted in science and medicine for hundreds of years. During the 20th century it was widespread in the Middle East, including Cyprus, and was one of the most important health hazards worldwide. In 1967, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared Cyprus as malaria-free, an impressive feat considering malaria had plagued the island since the Roman period (Demetrios, 2009). We conducted a critical analysis of anti-malarial campaigns on urban and rural districts in Cyprus, under British colonial rule (1878 &#8211; 1960), in the context of malarial disease knowledge in health surveillance and care policy. Under the HIGH-PASM (High-resolution palaeoclimate records and social vulnerability for the last Millennium) project, we present a methodology for constructing database tools relative to heterogeneously distributed historical sources. The aim of this research is to study the impact of the anti-malarial works on the Cypriot landscape as the social-political situation and the methods implemented did not follow the stringent protocols that exist today. Main issues are the complexity regarding British, Ottoman and French social and political roles, ground truth data extracted from historical sources - that need critical analysis, and the complex phenomena under scope. Primary sources are annual medical reports, written by British medical officers, published from 1913 to 1953. The main focus of these actions linked geography to healthcare issues by eliminating the newly identified malaria-vector by directly influencing the mosquito&#8217;s habitat, thus indirectly affecting the Cyprus landscape. The assertion, verification and evaluation of the before mentioned actions requires the medical reports to be contextually placed alongside secondary sources (for example correspondences, journal articles, conference proceedings, etc), which were produced or disseminated during this time period by different actors or groups of actors. We aim to apply methodologies used in digital humanities and conceptual modelling within geosciences to verify and understand spatial-temporal information that may be found within archival references. Raw data are extracted from a small corpus to produce meta-data (data sense ((Hui, 2015)) using existing cultural heritage vocabularies (CIDOC CRM base and extensions) relative to different fields and objects to model spatial-temporal events and align these data with authority databases using W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) semantic web standards (technologies). Given the British colonial role in the governance of the island, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the choices of techniques or actions employed. Thus, this meta-data conceptual modelling and raw data collection, as a data management approach, offers a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic understanding of archival sources. This methodology ultimately aims to study the impact on the landscape of the anti-malarial campaigns by bridging gaps in existing literature by the digitisation of physical reports and digitalisation of a healthcare system from the late 19<sup>th</sup> to 20<sup>th</sup> century.</p>
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