RESUMO -A catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul.) é uma espécie nativa da caatinga dotada de grande resistência à seca e de grande potencial econômico. No entanto, não existem informações sobre o desenvolvimento dessa espécie em diferentes substrates e luminosidade, fatores ambientais que mais influenciam a produção de seedlings florestais. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de shading e tipos de substrates nas taxas de crescimento de mudas de catingueira. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade do Estado da Bahia e na Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina, PE. As sementes foram semeadas em recipientes preenchidos com diferentes substratos: solo, areia, solo+areia, solo+areia+esterco caprino e substrato comercial, sendo os recipientes mantidos em quatro diferentes sombreamentos, a céu aberto (sem sombreamento) e em telados tipo sombrite de 30%, 50% e 75% de sombreamento. Aos 30, 60 e 100 dias após a estabilização da emergência das plântulas, as mudas foram avaliadas quanto à taxa de crescimento absoluto, taxa de crescimento relativo, taxa assimilatória líquida, razão de área foliar,área foliar específica, peso específico da folha e razão de peso foliar. Não houve interação significativa entre os dois fatores estudados em nenhuma das taxas de crescimento calculadas. Nas condições deste trabalho, foi possível concluir que as taxas de crescimento das mudas de catingueira, em geral, não foram influenciadas pela luminosidade às quais elas foram submetidas e que solo coletado em região de caatinga, combinado ou não, com areia e esterco, possibilitou maior crescimento das mudas.Palavras-chave: Caesalpinia pyramidalis, luminosidade e caatinga. GROWTH RATES OF CATINGUEIRA SEEDLINGS SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES AND SHADING
Salinity is one of the most limiting environmental factors for plant growth in semi-arid regions. Excess of salts reduces water potential, causes physiological drought and can influence germination and initial growth of plants. The objective of this work was to study physiological and metabolic changes in seeds and seedlings of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo cultivars Caserta and Redonda and C. maxima cv. Coroa) in a saline condition of salt stress. Thus, we it was quantified germination parameters; seedlings growth; seeds and seedlings respiration; degradation of total soluble sugars, reducing sugars and total proteins in cotyledons and the activity ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) during germination and initial growth of the pumpkin species studied in saline conditions. The experimental design was totally randomized in a factorial scheme 6x3, with six electrical conductivities (0; 2; 4; 6; 8 e 10 dS.m-1) and three cultivars (Redonda, Caserta and Coroa). Salinity did not influence the rate of seed respiration during the germination, although seedlings respiration decreased, as well as its vigour. Total sugars were degraded, while there was accumulation of reducing sugars and proteins in cotyledons of germinating seeds in salt solutions. Increased electrical conductivity reduced APX activity in the embryo and CAT in cotyledons, but did not influence GST. Pumpkin seedlings showed low tolerance to salt stress.
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