Abstract:The Reserva Biológica San Luis is a small protected area located on the Pacific side of the Cordillera de Tilarán, northwestern Costa Rica, with a forest transitioning between the basal and premontane floras according to Holdridge's Life Zones. An inventory of the vascular flora of the reserve was performed by collecting botanical samples during three years and consulting the databases of the CR, INB, MO and USJ herbaria. We report 130 families, 477 genera and 716 species of native vascular plants. Angiosperms comprise the largest group with 94.3%, followed by Pteridophytes 5.4% and Lycophytes 0.3%. The best represented life forms are herbaceous and arborescent with 35.7% and 26.8% respectively. Fabaceae and Piper are the most diverse family and genus, with 67 and 15 species respectively. Despite occupying 0.000049% of the total area of Costa Rica, this reserve protects approximately 7.3% of the vascular plants of the country.
La energía geotérmica se ha venido diseminando por todo el mundo como una excelente opción para generar electricidad de manera limpia y eiciente [1], con una capacidad instalada de 8884,8 MW en todo el globo [2], de tal manera que en lugares como Islandia representa el 26.2% de toda la energía generada [3] y según el MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) de Estados Unidos, actualmente hay disponibles en el planeta alrededor de 13000 ZJ de energía geotérmica, de los cuales son aprovechables, con las tecnologías actuales, 2000 ZJ siendo el consumo mundial al año de electricidad 0.5 ZJ [4], por lo tanto, si se profundizara más en este campo, se supliría la demanda energética, sin tener que utilizar otros medios aparte de la geotermia. Al analizar el ámbito local se observa un gran potencial geotérmico, debido a la ubicación de Colombia sobre el Cinturón de Fuego del Paciico, lo que ha impulsado el estudio de las siguientes zonas del territorio nacional [5]: Proyecto Chiles-Tuiño Cerro Negro (frontera colombo-ecuatoriana), Proyecto Azufral (departamento de Nariño), Proyecto de Paipa (departamento de Boyacá), Proyecto Macizo Volcánico del Ruiz (departamentos de Caldas, Tolima y Risaralda). A pesar de los datos satisfactorios, que han arrojado los diferentes estudios, hasta ahora no se ha construido ninguna planta de energía geotérmica en Colombia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Para la realización de los cálculos termodinámicos de la planta [6], se estudiaron las diferentes tecnologías que se usan para la construcción de centrales de energía geotérmica (las cuales se basan en ciclo Rankine) [1], para de esta manera escoger el sistema que mas se ajuste a las propiedades de la zona seleccionada en el territorio colombiano. Luego, se establecieron los costos de inversión de esta clase de proyectos y los parámetros de venta de electricidad en Colombia, con el objetivo de realizar una proyección económica, aplicando las formulas del Valor Presente Neto, Tasa Interna de Retorno y Punto de Equilibrio.
Comparacion entre determinaciones de gases arteriales y equilibrio acidobasico en sangre arterial y capilar "arterializada" en lactantes desnutridos severos. Evaluacion del intercambio gaseoso pulmonar
Today's world is increasingly functioning through information technologies and communication. The rapid progress and the convergence of these technologies represent an important tool for the implementation and dissemination becomes a catalyst for economic growth and development challenge. The use and development of these technologies in the organizational structure, overall economic activity and social organization in Mexico, is not new; data from the previous stage of socioeconomic development. However, the narrative related to the systematic analysis of their impact on the economic structure and social welfare, is recent. From the first decade of this century began to publish the first official documents related to the need for the design and implementation of a digital agenda for the country. Towards the end of 2013 the Government of the Republic issued National Digital Strategy (NDS), whose content was further raised the structural framework , concepts, goals and objectives , lines of action and policies that promote the incumbent government to drive access and use of information technology and communication in the population , businesses and government. The purpose of this research study consisted precisely in contributing elements of analysis to identify the main challenges and opportunities that face the NDS to fulfill its main goals by 2018. This article is documented on progress made by the country in the use and development of these tools, as well as the main challenges to progress in closing the digital divide, from comparison with international best practices.
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